William Faulkner’s Life and Writings Essay Example for Free

William Faulkner’s Life and Writings Essay William Faulkner is one of the great American writers of the 20th century. He has written several highly-acclaimed novels, short stories and poems and was among the pioneers who revolutionized storytelling through the use of the stream of consciousness technique, something not common during the time. His works are considered brilliant and remain to be among the required studies for literature in colleges and universities in the United States as well as other English speaking countries. Faulkner’s literary accolades are numerous. He won two Pulitzer Prizes for his 1954 novel A Fable, which received the Pulitzer a year later, and for his 1962 novel, The Reivers, which was posthumously awarded the Pulitzer in 1963. In 1949, or three years before his first Pulitzer, Faulkner received the Nobel Prize for his powerful and artistically unique contribution to the modern American novel. But the journey to literary success was never â€Å"a walk in the clouds†, or so to speak, for William Faulkner who struggled to get recognition for his earlier works. His first book, a collection of poems entitled The Marble Faun, published in 1924 did not immediately hit the mark as it barely got any serious attention from readers. It is also said that it was during this time that William Faulkner decided to change the original spelling of his family name to make it â€Å"sound more British† for the publication of his first book. His real family name came from an old Customer’s last name 2 Southern family named Falkner from New Albany, Mississippi where the novelist was born on September 25, 1897, as the eldest of four sons. But Faulkner spent most of his life at the nearby town of Oxford, Mississippi where his family moved when he was barely five years old. Much of his inspirations for his work were drawn from his personal experiences. And his views were tangible in many of his writings especially those that probe the prejudices of his own region, the deep South. Faulkner started writing novels on 7th Grade at about the same time he lost interest in school after he found the classes boring. His first themes were romance inspired by her childhood sweetheart and later wife, Estelle Oldham. Faulkner remained married to her until his death in July 6, 1962 but his family seems to come only second to his writing, which he puts at the center of his life. In an interview for Writer’s at Work: The Paris Review Interview in 1959, Faulkner described how important his writings to him. He remarked: The writers only responsibility is to his art. He will be completely ruthless if he is a good one. He has a dream. It anguishes him so much he must get rid of it. He has no peace until then. Everything goes by the board: honor, pride, decency, security, happiness, all, to get the book written. If a writer has to rob his mother, he will not hesitate; the Ode on a Grecian Urn is worth any number of old ladies. (Writers at Work: The Paris Review Interviews, 1959) Faulkner’s statement in that interview glared what was already apparent and clear all along to his family, friends, and the people who work closely with the reclusive writer. When Faulkner released his third novel, Sartoris (Flags in the Dust), in 1929, he used his great-grandfather William Clark Falkner, himself a colonel in the American Civil War, as the Customer’s last name 3 model for Colonel John Sartoris. The novel deals with the decay of an aristocratic Southern family following the social upheaval of the American Civil War. This novel is a good example of how the novelist’s life is reflected on his writings. It shows that Faulkner was influenced by the history of his family and the region in which they lived. A critical examination of Faulkner’s masterpieces such as The Sound and the Fury, As I lay Dying, Absalom, Absalom! and A Rose for Emily will reveal that his main focus, as a writer, is to explore and expose the deterioration of values in his own region. Faulkner wrote with such sensitivity of the moral degradation he has witnessed. In the sense, Faulkner is a historian who provided an overcast view of a segment of America during a tumultuous period that demanded radical social change. And albeit his works were fictions, it mirrored the horrendous realities of a society diminishing in its traditional values and unable to embrace the dawn of modern realities. Most of Faulkner’s stories were set in Yoknapatawpha County, a fictional place after his own Lafayete County. The town of Jefferson is within Yoknapatawpha County and is the equivalent of Oxford, the novelist’s hometown. While the setting may not be original, it was easy for Faulkner to provide a vivid description of his settings and characters he based from non-fictions or from something he has intimate knowledge on. Aside from Faulkner’s hometown being modeled for the fictional setting in his writings, it was suggested that some characters from his works were inspired by real people and biblical characters like the 19th century politician Jacob Thomson for the character of Jason Compson III from his The Sound and the Fury novel and the character of Benjamin Compson from the same novel which is said to symbolize a Christ-figure while in his Pulitzer winner novel, A Fable, his main character Corporal Zsettslani Customer’s last name 4 is representative of Jesus. This method made it easy for Faulkner to personalize the characters in his stories. Faulkner’s strong sense of moral and social responsibility is also very much visible in his works. He often deals with the transgression of the Southern whites against the Black with tragic bluntness to denigrate a blatant social aberrant. In a way, Faulkner was the greatest admirer and critic of the Southern life and history. He absorbed the sordid and brilliant, blithe and painful history of the South and transposed it into soul poetry. Moreover, Faulkner also tried to advocate, albeit tacitly, for the preservation of culture and the environment in his writings. In his 1942 novel, The Bear, Faulkner lamented the encroachment of civilization into the natural world. The novel is a tale of initiation into the adult world set against a backdrop of a yearly hunting expedition of Old Ben, a bear believed to be last of its kind in Mississippi woods. The narrative is also about the young Ike McCaslin coming to know both the woods and himself through the help of an old Chickasaw who is symbolically named Sam Fathers (Castor 37). In Faulkner’s narrative, the death of Sam Fathers is symbolically linked to the death of the bear and the wilderness (Castor 38). To Faulkner, the economic conquest of the southern landscape was inextricably linked, not only to the conquest of blacks and women through the legacy of slavery, but also to the conquest of Indian cultures as represented by Sam Fathers. (Castor 39) The Bear was written by Faulkner at the time when there is a tremendous environmental upheaval in Mississippi and the South. There was massive deforestation activity and thousands of acres of land are being cleared for timber. The setting, the plot, and the character in The Bear Customer’s last name 5 reflect an historical development and Faulkner was able to relate his sentiments with what is happening in his writings. Faulkner was a brilliant writer who examines his environment and reflects on his life experiences for inspirations in his writings. Much of the plot and the theme of his novels were based on his hindsight on the degeneration of the values of the Sought. Through his tragic stories, Faulkner was able to depict â€Å"the effect of the dissolution of the traditional values and authority on all levels of Southern society†. His novels were rich of his views, sentiments, experiences and personal convictions. He was never very famous as a writer for most part of his life but he has dedicated his life to this profession. He was a reclusive and a taciturn writer who found comfort in his solitude. But in his writings, he spoke volumes and his voice holds a resonating sound for many more generations to hear. He was a legend in the world of literature and his stories are immortalize by its unforgettable characters, unbelievable and challenging stories and the unique manner these stories were told that continues to captivate millions of followers. Faulkner told many great stories but along with it, he told the story of his life too. The challenge is to continue to unravel the mystery and discover how of much his own story was told in his many great masterpieces. Customer’s last name 6 Works cited Nobelprize. org. William Faulkner Biography. Retrieved December 21, 2007 frm http://nobelprize. org/nobel_prizes/literature/laureates/1949/faulkner-bio. html Reference. com. William Faulkner. Retrieved December 21, 2007 from http://www. reference. com/search? q=william%20faulkner Castor, L. Hunting History and Myth in Linda Hogan’s Power and William Faulkner’s The Bear. Retrieved December 21, 2007 from http://www. hum. uit. no/nordlit/12/03_Castor. pdf William Faulkner on the Web. Retrieved December 21, 2007 from http://www. mcsr. olemiss. edu/~egjbp/faulkner/faulkner. html

The Anatomy Of A Pigs Heart Physical Education Essay

The Anatomy Of A Pigs Heart Physical Education Essay The aim of this experiment was to understand the external and internal structures by dissecting a pigs heart, drawing and labelling the structures. Introduction A pigs heart is covered by the thin membrane or pericardium. Myocardium exists as the muscle located below the pericardium. Most of the myocardium in the lower two chambers of the heart called ventricles (Lane, 2010a). A pigs heart has four chambers which include left atrium, left ventricle, right atrium and right ventricle (Lane, 2010a). Atrium and ventricle are separated by valves. In the entrance of the left ventricle has bicuspid valve which controls the blood flows from the left atrium to the left ventricle during diastole (Lane, 2010a). While in the entrance of the right ventricle has tricuspid valve which allows blood flow from the right atrium to the right ventricle. The function of valves is to make the blood only moving from atrium to ventricle and avoid regurgitation. (Lane, 2010a). There are some blood vessels have a significant influence on transferring the blood (Lane, 2010a). Coronary artery which lies in the groove on the front of heart carries flesh blood to the heart muscle to receive oxygen and nutrients (Lane, 2010a). Pulmonary artery which lies out of the right ventricle supplies blood with oxygen to the lungs (Lane, 2010a). Aorta which is the major vessel located near the right atria provides blood to the upper body (Lane, 2010a). Pulmonary veins carry oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium (Lane, 2010a). Inferior and Superior Vena Cava which are located on left of the heart and link to the right atrium, supplies deoxygenated blood to the right receiving chamber (Lane, 2010a). Blood flows through the pig heart are similar with a humans. Deoxygenated blood moving from the superior and inferior vena cava (see Figure 1) into the right atrium which has a very low pressure (Gisbornesc, 2010). During diastole which indicates the relaxation phase, the right ventricles pressure drops down almost zero. There is a pressure gradient between the right atrium and ventricle, leading to the blood flow into the right ventricle (Gisbornesc, 2010). When the ventricle fills, the blood goes through the tricuspid valve. During systole (the contracting phase) the ventricle begins to contract, the intraventricular pressure is increased which causes the tricuspid valve to close while the pulmonary valve open (Gisbornesc, 2010). And then blood moves out of the ventricle via the pulmonary artery to the lungs (Gisbornesc, 2010). When the ventricle relaxes, intraventricular pressure drops below the pressure in the pulmonary artery, as a result, the pulmonary valve close. In this case , blood returns to the right side of the heart and is pumped back to the lungs for gas exchange (Gisbornesc, 2010). Figure 1(Biologymad, 2010) shows the blood flow within the heart. Figure 1 (Biologymad, 2010): The Blood Flow within Heart The function of a heart is to promote blood flowing to organs and tissues, providing enough blood, oxygen and various nutrients while taking away the metabolic products such as carbon dioxide, urea and uric acid. This process maintains the normal function and metabolism of the cells within the body. Method Observations Material Fresh pig heart Scalpels Container for heart Scissors Forceps Cutting board Equipment Several blank A4 sheets Pens HB pencils Erasers Rulers Sharpeners Procedure-External Anatomy A heart was placed in a dissecting pan. The size of this heart was moderate; the colour of this heart was pink and it was a little smelly. The heart was examined and the thin membrane or pericardium that still covers the heart was located. The pericardium was removed carefully. The pericardium was too thin to remove. The tip of the heart or the apex was located. The left ventricle extended all the way to the apex. The heart was placed in the dissecting pan. The major blood vessels were on the top and the apex was down. There was a groove that extended from the right side of the board end of the heart. The heart was in the pan in the position and faced my body. The left atrium, left ventricle, right atrium and right ventricle were located from this surface. Four chambers were observed unclearly, but still could be identified. While the heart was still in this position in the dissecting pan, the coronary artery, pulmonary artery, aorta, pulmonary veins and inferior superior vena cava were located at the broad end of the heart. Aorta, pulmonary artery and pulmonary veins inferior superior vena cava were observed clearly, but coronary artery was not found. A fully labelled diagram of the front heart was drawn. Figure 2 is attached. 8. A fully labelled diagram showing the back side of heart was drew. Figure 3 is attached. Procedure- Internal Anatomy The side of the pulmonary artery was cut through and continue cutting down into the wall of the right ventricle using the scissors. Cut deep enough to go through the wall of the heart chamber. (The cutting line was above parallel to the groove of the coronary artery) The heart was pushed open at the cut to examine the internal structure with fingers. There was a dried blood inside the chambers, the heart was rinsed out. The right atrium was located. The thinner muscular wall of this receiving chamber was measured by ruler. The right atrium was about 5-10 mm and very smooth. A fully labelled diagram showing the internal of right atrium was draw. Figure 4 is attached. The inferior superior vena cava enter this chamber were founded. The lack of valves was noticed. The inferior superior vena cava was easy to found. The valve between the right atrium and right ventricle was located, which is called tricuspid valve. This valve consisted of three leaflets and had long fibbers of connective tissue. The thickness of the right ventricle and its smooth was felt by fingers. The network of irregular muscular cords was noticed on the inner wall of this chamber. The right ventricle was about 20mm and very smooth. The septum was found on the right side of the right ventricle. The septum was thick which separated the right and left ventricles from each other. The pulmonary artery was located inside the right ventricle. The one-way valve called the pulmonary valve was found. A fully labelled diagram showing the back side of heart was drew. Figure 3 is attached. The heart was continued to cut open using scissors. A cut was started on the outside of the left atrium downward into the left ventricle cutting toward the apex to the septum at the centre groove. The heart was pushed open at this cut with fingers any dried blood was rinsed out with water. The heart was difficult to cut downward into the left ventricle because the knife was not sharp. The left atrium was examined. The openings of the pulmonary veins were found from the lungs. The pulmonary veins were hard to observe. Bicuspid valve was looked for inside left atrium. This valve consisted of two leaflets. The left ventricle was examined. The thickness of the ventricular wall was noticed. The left ventricle was found and the thickness of the ventricular was about 20mm. The left ventricle was cut across the left ventricle toward the aorta continues cutting to expose the valve using scissors. The three flaps or leaflets were counted on this valve called aortic valve. This valve had half-moon shape. Notes to all the diagrams were added relating the labelled structures to their functions. Results Figure 2 shows the front view of heart. In this figure, the aorta is clearly visible at the top, with left and right atrium on either side, while the ventricles are in the bottom. This figure also shows the aortic and pulmonary arteries as well as the pulmonary veins and superior vena cava. 2. Figure 3 shows the back side of heart. In this figure, the superior vena cava and aorta can be seen. 3. Figure 4 shows the internal view of the right side. In this figure, the tricuspid valve can be seen and the right ventricular outflow tract which includes the pulmonary artery. 4. Figure 5 shows the internal view of the left side In this figure, the bicuspid valve and aorta can be seen. Discussion Possible errors may have arisen during this experiment. Firstly, the heart was cut difficultly, because the equipment given was not sharp enough. Secondly, some blood vessels can not be found such as coronary artery, because the pigs heart was not fresh enough, may be damaged by the butcher. Thirdly, human errors may lead to the results not precise. For instance, when cut deeply to go through the wall of the heart chamber, the cutting line was not parallel to the groove of the coronary, as a result, the chamber can not observed carefully. A future experiment should be improved in following ways. Firstly, the equipments should be given sharp enough in order to cut the heart efficiently according to the instruction. Secondly, the pig heart should be provided fresh enough and completely. In this case, all the organs can be observed and described. Finally, when cutting line is required parallel, it is better to use the ruler to measure. Conclusion In conclusion, after doing the experiment, the external and internal structure was examined. A pigs heart is four chambered pump which includes left atrium, left ventricle, right atrium and right ventricle. Valves, which separate atrium and ventricle, prevent blood from flowing backwards. A pig has double system which can make blood circulate the whole body via the vessels.

Incineration Is Not A Solution To Garbage Environmental Sciences Essay

Incineration Is Not A Solution To Garbage Environmental Sciences Essay With rapid population growth, garbage treatment becomes a global challenge since clean and safe disposal of garbage is technically difficult. In 2007, garbage crisis occurred in an Italian city called Naples which was plagued by garbage lying along the streets (Alessio V, 2008). Italian suffered mainly due to overfilled landfills. The crisis draws worldwide concern over waste management. Incinerator offers counter-measure to overflowing landfills. Incineration is one of waste treatment techniques involving thermal combustion of garbage to transform the waste intoÂÂ  heat, particulates, bottom ash and flue gases (Andrew K, 2005). Air pollution experts claim that technological breakthrough and strict regulation have resulted in no prominent threats posed by incineration. (Health protection Agency, 2009) However, hazards brought by incinerators remain significant and lingering. The aim of this paper is to assess deleterious consequences caused by incineration. Although modern incin eration has improved tremendously, its drawbacks are still overwhelming because of unsolved pollution problems, high cost relative to other viable alternatives and conflict between recycling and incineration. To begin with, three main types of pollutants are inevitably emitted during combustion of hazardous waste, which are heavy metals, unburned toxic chemicals and new pollutants formed during incineration. Firstly, toxic heavy metals such as lead, cadmium, arsenic, mercury and chromium are reported to be widely distributed in industrial refuse and household waste (Ole H et al, 2002). Metals cannot be destroyed by incineration. Even worse is that they are discharged in more concentrated and hazardous form after combustion (Greenpeace international, 2004). In addition, they are exhausted in form of microscopic gas particles, which increases the vulnerability of our respiratory systems. Obviously, incineration does not eliminate the threats posed by heavy but intensifies them. Secondly, highly poisonous dioxin and furan are produced in reaction among partially decomposed waste components (Greenpeace international, 2004). Particularly, they are more dangerous than original waste. Upon disch arge into atmosphere, dioxin can be carried by air and ocean to an area remote from the sources. Thirdly, incomplete combustion of waste results in escape of unburned toxic substances. Incinerator ash carries these unburned toxic substances to environment through chimney (Greenpeace international, 2004). Indeed, air pollution problem is deteriorated because numerous venomous products are generated during garbage combustion. Proponents argue that modern and well regulated incinerators only account for a small percentage of local pollution although the detrimental health effects of emissions on human are not certainly ruled out. According to Health Protection Agency, operators of modern incinerators are obligated to prevent violation of environmental regulations by pressing emission below the strict limits (Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs, U.K., 2009). Incinerators are equipped with latest devices such as scrubber, electrostatic precipitators and cyclone to capture harmful pollutants (Water Environment Federation, 2009). Only a small amount of air pollutants is then released from incinerators in comparison with obsolete counterparts. Consequently, the additional cost born by residents living near incinerators is almost negligible. For instance, over 90 percent of human exposure to dioxin is animal foodstuff such as dairy produce, meat, seafood and eggs, which contrasts with limited inta ke of dioxin through inhalation. Calculation demonstrates that incineration contributed less than 1 percent to UK total emission of dioxin (Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs, U.K., 2009). Seemingly, incinerator is only a minor source of exposure. Undeniably, air pollution control devices make flue gas cleaner but pollutants are neither destroyed nor vanished forever by technologists because the devices are designed to transfer toxic substances from exhaust to ash. On the other hand, substantial amount of captured exhaust refuse have to be buried in special landfills (Greenpeace international, 2000). Referring to the report from Greenpeace International, the highest concentration of pollutants has been found in residues accumulating inside control devices. They can leach out from the burial sites and immediately threaten neighboring water bodies (Greenpeace international, 2000). In short, this illustrates that advanced control equipment merely postpone the environmental impact by shifting the pollution problem from air to land. Quite the opposite, incineration is not a cost-effective option of waste management because of high operation cost per ton. Costs of any waste treatment systems have several determinants including level of technology, features of disposed materials, energy costs, land, labor, and financing costs. Despite the diversified factors, incineration is always more costly than alternatives. First of all, the operation cost per ton is at least twice as high as that required for landfills which are competent substitute of incineration (Rand T et al, 2000). Table 1 shows the figures for capital cost per ton per day of waste handled by recycling/composting in industrial nations and less industrialized nations or incineration in 2004. There is an enormous difference between the cost of recycling/composting and incineration. Table 1 Capital costs of incineration versus recycling and composting tpd = tons per day (Rand T et al, 2000) The cost required for recycling/composting varied from US$4000 to US$90000 for industrial nations and US$450 to US$5300 for industrializing nations. In general, the average cost required for recycling/composting was still considerably lower than incineration cost which amounted to at least US$136000. Incinerator advocates allege that the operation cost of incineration tends to reduce gradually because of technological advances. The drop in operation cost is primarily attributable to improvement in dewatering technology. Total solid concentration ranging from 27% to 30 % is produced by dewatering, which allows spontaneous combustion upon ignition (Water Environment Federation, 2009). Spontaneous combustion suggests that no auxiliary fuel is required so fuel cost saving is significant especially when fuel price is soaring during economic recovery. Moreover, if heat energy produced during combustion is recovered and converted into electricity, the costs may drop further by $30 to $50 per ton (Water Environment Federation, 2009). It can be predicted that ongoing development of incineration technology is likely to formulate more cost-reducing strategies for the future. On the contrary, technology tends to raise cost instead because latest air pollution control devices or facilities are expensive. Air pollution control devices add heavy cost to incineration. For instance, flue gas clean-up equipment is responsible for approximately 30% of the capital costs of a conventional incinerator in United Kingdoms (Department of the Environment, Transport and the Regions of U.K. , 2000). Next, public awareness of health hazard caused by incinerators and increased emission limits in the United States forces incinerator owners to invest on updating obsolete and more polluting facilities. Apart from this, if special landfills were established to collect the toxic ash from residues in air pollution control devices, it would drastically increase operation cost (Brenda P, 2004). Besides, incineration hinders the development of recycling which is less expensive since they are incompatible. Incinerators require a minimum amount of trash to sustain daily operation and produce electricity (Confederation of Paper Industry, 2009). The need of garbage for fuel encourages product consumption and waste disposal and leads to keen competition for waste between recycling and incineration sectors. Furthermore, incineration projects divert funding from recycling programs to an extent that little money is left for them. For example, the Polish National Fund for Environmental Protection offered a loan to construct a waste incinerator in Warsaw, provided that the Warsaw authorities continued to fund waste separation and recycling (Brenda P, 2004). However, shortly after they received the loan, the Warsaw City Council cut budget for its recycling program. Apart from waste and funds, they also compete for government support as their development is subject to government regulat ions concerning pollution control as well as garbage disposal (Jeffrey M, 2006). Incineration upholders may refute the argument by claiming that garbage contents are diversified enough to satisfy both recycling and incinerators. They admit that both recycling and incinerators demand paper which has high energy value. Nevertheless, only paper which has been recycled so many times that its fiber-making ability was lost will be incinerated (Confederation of Paper Industry, 2009). Otherwise, it can be recycled. Similarly, paper unsuitable for recycling, including hospital wipes, will also be incinerated for energy (Confederation of Paper Industry, 2009). This suggests that despite the demand for the same waste materials, incineration and recycling rely on distinct sources of the same materials. Anyway, the problem lies on the adverse effect on social value toward waste but not what deserves incineration. Heavy dependence on incineration promotes the throw-away lifestyle, escalating waste problem. Unregulated manufacture of products and goods dismiss recyclability and reusability (Brenda P, 2004). According to Friends of the Earth, in Shrewsbury, Shropshire in England, incineration target decreased from 57% to 27% after the onset of incinerator operation (Shrewsbury Friends of the Earth, 2009). This finding shows that with waste figures decrease due to incineration, the absence of incentive and pressure discourages recycling. The above discussion summarizes the detrimental effects caused by incineration in term of pollution, financial cost and incompatibility with recycling. Undoubtedly, our world continuously and ubiquitously generates garbage which must be properly handled. However, we should not be obsessed with technological advances in incineration. Improved incinerators are not flawless, which solve old problems inefficiently and sometimes create new ones. Incinerators remain polluting, cost public and government heavily and threaten the survival of recycling activities. Incineration is, thus, not a solution to overflowing garbage. (Total words:1467 Words per sentence: 22.3)

Johnson and Dubois :: Comparative, Literary Analysis, African American L

Johnson and Dubois Many parallels can be drawn between the works of W.E.B. DuBois and those of James Weldon Johnson. Johnson was greatly influenced by many concepts created by DuBois, especially those presented in DuBois's classic work The Souls of Black Folk. Johnson was so impressed with DuBois and his ideas that he sought him out in 1904 at Atlanta University. The two men developed a strong friendship and later worked for years together in the NAACP, Johnson's diplomatic temperment often balancing DuBois's more volitile one.* As Johnson developed his ideas about literature, he adopted the use of "double consciousness" the theme presented by DuBois in Souls of Black Folk. This theme was used significantly in Johnson's Autobiography. Along with this theme he came to embrace the idea of "racial distinctiveness" theorized by DuBois. DuBois argues in his book that spiritual contributions are what African-Americans bring to white American culture. Johnson's ideas about black distinctiveness within the frame of spirituality and creativity was strongly expressed in his poem "O Black and Unknown Bards." This poems plays on the themes of protest with a celebration of black distinctiveness and creativity in regards to slave spirituals. Johnson argues in the poem that the slave spirituals provide proof of the legitimacy of black literary independence, another theme Johnson adopted from DuBois. Another poem by Johnson which reflects ideas from DuBois is "The White Witch" In this poem, Johnson warns of the seductive charms of "the white witch" and is a militant call for African- Americans to preserve their heritage and distinctiveness. The images of white society brought forth by Johnson was very similar to those presented in DuBois's Souls, where he also calls out to African-Americans not to be tempted and corrupted by white materialism. Johnson and Dubois :: Comparative, Literary Analysis, African American L Johnson and Dubois Many parallels can be drawn between the works of W.E.B. DuBois and those of James Weldon Johnson. Johnson was greatly influenced by many concepts created by DuBois, especially those presented in DuBois's classic work The Souls of Black Folk. Johnson was so impressed with DuBois and his ideas that he sought him out in 1904 at Atlanta University. The two men developed a strong friendship and later worked for years together in the NAACP, Johnson's diplomatic temperment often balancing DuBois's more volitile one.* As Johnson developed his ideas about literature, he adopted the use of "double consciousness" the theme presented by DuBois in Souls of Black Folk. This theme was used significantly in Johnson's Autobiography. Along with this theme he came to embrace the idea of "racial distinctiveness" theorized by DuBois. DuBois argues in his book that spiritual contributions are what African-Americans bring to white American culture. Johnson's ideas about black distinctiveness within the frame of spirituality and creativity was strongly expressed in his poem "O Black and Unknown Bards." This poems plays on the themes of protest with a celebration of black distinctiveness and creativity in regards to slave spirituals. Johnson argues in the poem that the slave spirituals provide proof of the legitimacy of black literary independence, another theme Johnson adopted from DuBois. Another poem by Johnson which reflects ideas from DuBois is "The White Witch" In this poem, Johnson warns of the seductive charms of "the white witch" and is a militant call for African- Americans to preserve their heritage and distinctiveness. The images of white society brought forth by Johnson was very similar to those presented in DuBois's Souls, where he also calls out to African-Americans not to be tempted and corrupted by white materialism.

Language Separation in Immigrant Families Essay -- Immigrants Immigrat

Language Separation in Immigrant Families In America, each family usually has a standard language spoken in the household. Communication is easy and mothers can talk with their children and they can connect with them. Some people who have this benefit are unaware that some families do not have this advantage in their homes. Lee Thomas and Linh Cao understand that some families have language change through each generation. Cao herself lived in house where her relatives used several different languages and learned first hand that there are many losses when a family doesn’t share a common language. Thomas and Cao wrote this article specifically for parents and families that have language separation through generations. Both authors have background knowledge about language from their experiences. Thomas was a teacher of linguistics at the University of Nevada. Cao taught English at Sparks High School in Nevada. Cao also grew up in a family where the language predominately spoken by each person changed by age group. She was born in Vietnam and her first language was ...

North or South: Who Killed Reconstruction Essay

â€Å"†¦the slave went free; stood a brief moment in the sun; then moved back again toward slavery† (W.E.B. Dubois). After the Civil War ended in 1865, Reconstruction began. All slaves were finally freed because of the 13th amendment. Other amendments were passed such as: the 14th amendment which gave black Americans citizenship and the 15th amendment had made it illegal to deny someone the right to vote based on race. To enforce these new laws, northerners went south to help Freedmen and Reconstruction; these people are also known as carpetbaggers. Many people resisted in the South, so it was difficult to carry out the new ideas of Reconstruction. Rebuilding the United States was not an easy task because it soon ended in 1877. Reconstruction is the process of rebuilding or reorganizing of something. Both the North and South contributed to the end of Reconstruction; but southern resistance did the most to end it. Northern neglect was one of the reasons that had ended Reconstruction. â€Å"Weary of the ‘Negro Question’ and ‘sick of carpet-bag’ government†¦ North began to turn against Reconstruction policies† (Littell). The North grew tired of trying to get the South to help Freedmen. In an article called The Death of Reconstruction: Race, Labor and Politics in the Post-Civil War North, 1865-1901, by Heather Cox Richardson, she wrote about how blacks were uncivilized people. They assumed it would take time for ‘them’ to learn the methods of the white people. Northerners started to focus on their own concerns such as the Panic of 1873, which was the loss of millions of jobs; even the president turned away from the problems of Reconstruction. Southern resistance also, had a big impact on the end of Reconstruction. In a letter, a man named Albion Tourgee wrote about the Ku Klux Klan’s actions in the south. Tourgee served as a judge in North Carolina and he believed the Klan was after carpetbaggers, such as Tourgee himself. The KKK is made up of many ordinary people; lawyers, doctors, and farmers. They threatened and killed anybody who supported Freedmen and Reconstruction. They even intimidated people as they voted. In a picture found in Harper’s Weekly in 1876, it showed white southerners forcing a black American to vote for the Democratic Party. Whites who did not support Reconstruction ensured not to  permit Reconstruction in the south. Southern resistance was what had caused the end of Reconstruction in 1877. They threatened Freedmen, Carpetbaggers, Scalawags, and Radical Republicans. The South resisted so much; the North could not support Reconstruction any longer. The KKK was constantly killing people who favored Reconstruction, and the North was losing hope. The Klan wanted to end Reconstruction and stop African-Americans from joining the white society. They killed people in public to show they would not back down, and the resistance from these people made Reconstruction a struggling task.

Consumer Buying Behaviour Towards Branded Milk Essay

Common application form for income schemes UTI – Bond Fund UTI – Floating Rate Fund STP (An open ended pure debt fund) The product is suitable for investors who are seeking*: l Regular returns for long-term l Investment predominantly in medium to long term debt as well as money market instruments l Low risk (Blue) (An open-ended Income Scheme) The product is suitable for investors who are seeking*: l Regular income over short-term l UTI – Credit Opportunities Fund Investment in floating rate debt / money market instruments, fixed rate debt / money market instruments swapped for floatingratereturn Low risk (Blue) (An open-ended Income scheme) The product is suitable for investors who are seeking*: l Reasonable income and capital appreciation over long-term l Investment in debt and money market instruments across different maturities & credit rating l Low risk (Blue) UTI – Gilt Advantage Fund LTP (An open-ended Gilt Scheme) The product is suitable for investors who are seeking*: l Long-term credit risk free return l UTI – Dynamic Bond Fund (An open ended income scheme) The product is suitable for investors who are seeking*: l Optimal returns with adequate liquidity over medium-term l Investment in debt/ money market instruments l Low risk (Blue) Investment in sovereign securities issued by the Central Government and/ or a State Government and / or any security unconditionally guaranteed by the Central Government and / or a State Government Low risk (Blue) UTI – G-SEC STP UTI – Fixed Maturity Plan (An close-ended Umbrella Income Scheme comprising of several Investment Plans) The product is suitable for investors who are seeking*: l Regular income for short term l Investment in Debt/Money Market Instrument/ Govt. Securities l Low risk (Blue) 1 (An open-ended dedicated gilt fund) The product is suitable for investors who are seeking*: l Short term credit risk free return . l Investment in Central Government Securities, Treasury Bills, Call Money and Repo Low risk (Blue) Please read overleaf July 1, 2013 UTI – Liquid Cash Plan (An open-ended income scheme) The product is suitable for investors who are seeking*: l Steady and reasonable income over shortterm with capital preservation. l Investment in money market securities & high quality debt l Low risk (Blue) UTI – Monthly Income Scheme (An open-ended debt oriented scheme) The product is suitable for investors who are seeking*: l Regular income over medium-term l Investment in equity instruments (maximum-15%) and fixed income securities (debt and money market securities) l Medium risk (Yellow) UTI – Mahila Unit scheme (An open-ended debt oriented scheme) This product is suitable for investors who are seeking*: l Reasonable income with moderate capital appreciation over a long-term horizon l Investment in equity instrument (maximum-30%) and debt/ money market instruments l Medium risk (Yellow) UTI – Short Term Income Fund (An open-ended income scheme) The product is suitable for investors who are seeking*: l Steady and reasonable income over short-term l Investment in money market securities/ high quality debt l Low risk (Blue) UTI – MIS-Advantage Plan (An open-ended income scheme) The product is suitable for investors who are seeking*: l Long-term capital appreciation and regular income over medium-term l Investment in equity instruments (maximum-25%) and fixed income securities (debt and money market securities) l Medium risk (Yellow) UTI – Treasury Advantage Fund (An open-ended Income Scheme) The product is suitable for investors who are seeking*: l Capital preservation and liquidity for short-term l Investment in quality debt securities/ money market instruments l Low risk (Blue) UTI – Money Market Fund (An open-ended Money Market Mutual Fund) The product is suitable for investors who are seeking*: l Current income consistent with preservation of capital over short-term l Investment in short-term money market securities l Low risk (Blue) UTI – Unit Scheme for Charitable & Religious Trusts & Registered Societies (UTI-C.R.T.S) (An open-ended income scheme) The product is suitable for investors who are seeking*: l Regular income over long-term l Investment in equity instruments (maximum-30%) and debt/ money market instruments l Medium risk (Yellow) *Investorsshouldconsulttheirfinancialadvisersifindoubtaboutwhethertheproductissuitableforthem. Note: Risk is represented as: (BLUE) Investors understand that their principal will be at low risk (YELLOW) Investors understand that their principal will be at medium risk (BROWN) Investors understand that their principal will be at high risk COMMON APPLICATION FORM FOR INCOME SCHEMES PLEASE FILL IN ALL COLUMNS IN CAPITAL LETTERS ONLY PLEASEUSESEPARATEFORMFOREACHSCHEME Sr.No. 2013/ Registrar Sr. No. (PLEASEREADINSTRUCTIONSCAREFULLYTOHELPUSSERVEYOUBETTER) DISTRIBUTOR INFORMATION (only empanelled Distributors/Brokers will be permitted to distribute Units) (refer instruction ‘h’) ARN NameofFinancialAdvisor SubARNCode SubCode/ Bank Branch Code MOCode EUINo. @ UTI RM No. BDA / CA Code ARN – 11770 E020436 UpfrontcommissionshallbepaiddirectlybytheinvestortotheAMFI/NISMcertifiedUTIMFregisteredDistributorsbasedontheinvestors’assessmentofvariousfactorsincludingtheservicerenderedbythedistributor. @I/We confirm that the EUIN box is intentionally left blank by me/us as this is an â€Å"execution-only† transaction without any interaction or advice by the distributor personnel concerned or notwithstanding the advice of in-appropriateness, if any, provided by such distributor personnel and the distributor has not charged any advisory fees for this transaction. ( PleasetickandsignbelowwhenEUINboxisleftblank)(referinstruction‘v’). Signature of 1st Applicant / Guardian Signature of 2nd Applicant Signature of 3rd Applicant TRANSACTION CHARGES TO BE PAID TO THE DISTRIBUTOR (Please tick any one of the below) (Refer Instruction ‘i’) Existing Unit Holder information IAMAFIRSTTIMEINVESTORINMUTUALFUNDS ` 150willbedeductedastransactionchargesperSubscriptionof `10,000andabove OR Scheme Name: IAMANEXISTINGINVESTORINMUTUALFUNDS `100willbedeductedastransactionchargesperSubscriptionof `10,000andabove Folio Number: APPLICANT’S PERSONAL DETAILS F I R L S A T S M/s. M m I m D y D y L y E y * Denotes Mandatory Fields Name of First Applicant / Other Mentally Handicapped Persons (for UBF / MIS) and Adult Female Persons (For MUS) (as appearing in ID proof given for KYC) Date of Birth Mandatory for minors First Applicant’s Address (Do not repeat the name) Name & Address of resident relative in India(forNRIs)(P.O.BoxNo.isnotsufficient) Village/Flat/Bldg./Plot* Street/Road/Area/Post City/Town* State Pin* *PAN OF 1st APPLICANT (whose particulars are furnished in the form) Enclosed AADHAR CARD NO. Know Your Customer (KYC)* Acknowledgement Copy Please (ïÆ' ¼) PAN Card Copy OVERSEAS ADDRESS (Overseas address is mandatory for NRI / FII applicants in addition to mailing address in India) City* State Country* Zip/Pin* Mr. Ms. Mrs. NAME IN FULL OF THE FATHER (OR) MOTHER/ GUARDIAN (If Minor)$ / Contact Person And Designation – For Institutional Applicants / Alternate Applicant ( incase of UBF / MIS / MUS) Proof of date of birth and proof of relationship with minor to be attached or else sign the declaration on the reverse ( Refer instruction f). OPTION FOR DESPATCH OF STATEMENT OF ACCOUNT Applicant’s address (for NRIs) At my Overseas address as mentioned above / To be despatched to my resident relative’s address in India as given above DETAILS OF OTHER APPLICANTS Name of 2nd Applicant F I R *PAN of 2nd Applicant Name of 3rd Applicant F I R *PAN of 3rd Applicant PAYMENT DETAILS #Cheque/DD/ï  ¶NEFT/ï  ¶RTGS Ref. No. / Unique Serial No. (For Cash) Account No. Date Bank Branch Amt. in words Amt. of investment (i) DD Charges if any (ii) Net amount paid (i-ii) # Please mention the application No. on the reverse of thecheque/DD,NEFT/RTGSadvice.Cheque/DD must be drawn in favour of â€Å"TheNameoftheScheme† & crossed â€Å"A/cPayeeOnly† ï  ¶ Investment amount shall be Rs. 2 lacs and above in case of payments through NEFT / RTGS. BANK PARTICULARS OF 1ST APPLICANT (MandatoryasperSEBIGuidelines) Bank Name Address City Account type (please ïÆ' ¼) Account No. Savings Current Pin* NRO NRE Branch MICR Code (thisisa9-digitnumbernexttoyourchequenumber) IFS Code (this is a 11-digit number) Received from Mr / Ms / M/s An application under alongwithCheque/DDNo.$ /Cash Drawnon(Bank) for `(infigures) $ Cheques and drafts are subject to realisation. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT (TobefilledinbytheApplicant) dated Sr. No. 2013 (scheme name) StampofUTIAMCOffice/ Authorised Collection Centre INVESTMENTDETAILS(Forâ€Å"DIRECT PLAN†Pleasetickhere UTI-BOND FUND UTI-MAHILA UNIT SCHEME UTI-CREDIT OPPORTUNITIES FUND UTI-MONTHLY INCOME SCHEME &tickScheme,Plan/Optiongivenbelow)(Referinstruction‘j’) UTI-CRTS UTI-DYNAMIC BOND FUND Dividend Payout UTI-G-SEC FUND-(STP) Growth DividendReinvestment(Default–GrowthOption) UTI-FIXED MATURITY PLAN Yearly Series (YFMP) HalfYearlySeries(HFMP) Quarterly Series (QFMP) Regular Plan Growth Dividend Payout Dividend Reinvestment (Use separate form for each series) Cheque/DDshouldbedrawninfavourofUTI-FixedMaturityPlan–YFMP(mm/yy)/HFMP(mm/yy)/QFMP(mm/yy-PlanNo.)(Default–GrowthOption) UTI-FLOATING RATE FUND (STP) Regular Plan UTI-GILT ADVANTAGE FUND-LTP UTI-LIQUIDCASHPLAN- Institutional UTI-MIS-ADVANTAGE PLAN UTI-MONEY MARKET FUND Institutional Plan UTI-SHORT TERM INCOME FUND – Institutional Option UTI-TREASURY ADVANTAGE FUND – Institutional Plan Unitholding Option Growth Daily Div. Reinvestment WeeklyDiv.Reinvestment FlexiDividendPayout FlexiDividendReinvestment(Default–GrowthOption) Growth Plan Dividend Plan Payout DividendPlanReinvestment(Default–GrowthPlan) Growth MonthlyReinvestment Growth Plan FlexiDividendPlanPayout Daily Div. Reinvestment WeeklyDiv.Reinvestment Monthly Payout (Default–DailyDiv.Reinvestment) (Default Plan – Growth Plan) Monthly Div. Plan Payout FlexiDividendPlanReinvestment Monthly Div. Plan Reinvestment Monthly Payment Plan Growth Daily Div. Reinvestment WeeklyDiv.Payout WeeklyDiv.Reinvestment(Default–GrowthOption) Growth Sub Option Growth Quarterly Div. Payout Div Payout Sub Option Div. Reinvestment Sub Option (Default–Div.ReinvestmentSubOption) WeeklyDiv.Payout WeeklyDiv.Reinvestment Monthly Div. Payout Monthly Div. Reinvestment Daily Div. Reinvestment Quarterly Div. Reinvestment Annual Div. Payout Annual Div. Reinvestment Bonus Option (Default–DailyDiv.Option) PhysicalMode (AvailableunderallschemeexceptUTI-CRTS,UTI-MUS&UTI-FMP) Demat Mode DEMAT ACCOUNT DETAILS – (Please ensure that the sequence of names as mentioned in the application form matches with that of the account held with any one of the Depository Participant. Demat Account details are compulsory if demat mode is opted above National Depository Name ______________________________________ Securities Depository DP ID No. Limited Beneficiary Account No. Enclosures: Client Master List (CMl) Central Depository Securities Limited Depository Name _______________________________________________________ Target ID No. TransactioncumHoldingStatement Delivery Instruction Slip (DIS) FRIEND IN NEED DETAILS (refer instruction – k) In case UTI MF is unable to communicate with me/us at my / our registered address, I / we authorize UTI MF to correspond with the following person to ascertain my/our updated contact details. Name Address: Relationship with the applicant (optional) Annual Income of First Individual Applicant (Please (ïÆ' ¼) STATUS Company Sole Proprietorship Society Body Corporate Others Email 5Lacs-15Lacs-25Lacs OCCUPATION Business Student Agriculture Self-employed Others GENERAL INFORMATION – Please (ïÆ' ¼)whereverapplicable Resident Individual Minor through guardian HUF Partnership Trust AOP BOI FII NRI MODE OF HOLDING Anyone or survivor Joint Single First holder or Survivor (for UTI MUS) MARITAL STATUS Unmarried Married Wedding D D M M Anniversary Professional Housewife Retired Service NOMINATION DETAILS (Please ïÆ' ¼)(pleasesignifyoudonotwishtonominate) Name and Address of Nominee Name Date of Birth d d m m y (in case of nominee is a minor) Address with pin code I/WeherebynominatetheundermentionedNomineetoreceivetheamountstomy/ourcreditintheeventofmy/ourdeath.I/Wealsounderstandthatallpayments and settlements made to such Nominee and signature of the Nominee acknowledging receipt thereof, shall be a valid discharge by the AMC / Mutual Fund / Trustee. To be furnished in case nominee is a minor Name of the guardian Address of guardian Signature of Nominee / guardian (for minor) Sign. here Investorswhowishtonominatetwoorthreepersonsmayfillintheseparateformprescribedforthesameandattachitwiththisapplicationform. I/Wedonotwishtonominate Signature of 1st Applicant / Guardian Signature of 2nd Applicant Signature of 3rd Applicant DECLARATION AND SIGNATURE OF APPLICANT/s lI/WehavereadandunderstoodthecontentsoftheSchemeInformationDocument,StatementofAdditionalInformationandKeyInformationMemorandum,addendaissuedtilldateandapplytotheTrusteeofUTIMutualFundas indicatedabove.I/Weagreetoabidebythetermsandconditions,rulesandregulationsoftheschemeasonthedateofinvestment.I/Weundertaketoconfirmthatthisinvestmenthasbeendulyauthorisedbyappropriateauthorities in terms of all relevant documents and procedural requirements. lI/Wehavenotreceivednorbeeninducedbyanyrebateorgifts,directlyorindirectlyinmakinginvestments.lI/WeherebyauthorizeUTIMF/UTIAMCtosharemy data furnished in the Form to my distributor and other service providers of the UTI MF for the purpose of servicing, issue of account statement/consolidated statement of account etc and cross selling of