UBS BANK Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

UBS BANK - Essay Example The bank helps in mobilizing and investing private wealth assets in a global forum (Cranny and Patterson â€Å"UBS CEO Says Emerging-Markets Selloff Is Overdone†). It provides efficient commercial as well as retail banking services in the market. The bank significantly influences the monetary base of Switzerland and receives an adequate financial and fiscal support from the Swiss government. The primary business vision of UBS Bank helps it to become goal oriented in nature. The organization desires to become the best banking service provider in the world. The bank aims to constantly upgrade the quality of its services and provide innovative solutions for protecting and incrementing global wealth (Cranny and Patterson â€Å"UBS CEO Says Emerging-Markets Selloff Is Overdone†). Across all its 50 different business branches, UBS Bank desires to link its customers with the leading financial centers of each country. The company geographically diversifies the wealth of its global customers. By following its primal business vision, UBS Bank tries to efficiently manage and build the wealth of its customers. It preserves global wealth in the most cost effective pattern (HSC â€Å"The International Business Cycle†). Furthermore, the bank assists in the global economic growth and promotes to enhance world savings as well as investments through innovative means. UBS Bank provides innovative and effective financial solutions to its global customers, but through this the company generates more steady and attractive returns to its business stakeholders. The current business strategies of the bank are formulated on the basis of its Global Asset Management and Investment Banking division (UBS â€Å"Our Strategy†). This is because, these two primal business branches of the company possesses three beneficiary features. UBS Bank tries to enhance its brand value and economic surplus by productively

Study skill Essay Example for Free

Study skill Essay Study skill is defined as the different abilities that can be developed in order to improve a learners capacity to learn (MONDOFACTO, 2009). Based from the free dictionary (n. d. ), the term study skill is used for general approaches to learning, rather than skills for specific courses of study. There are many theoretical works on the subject, and a vast number of popular books and websites. In the 1950s and 1960s, college instructors in Zthe fields of psychology and the study of education used research, theory, and experience with their own students in writing manuals. Marvin Cohn based the advice for parents in his 1979 book Helping Your Teen-Age Student on his experience as a researcher and head of a university reading clinic that tutored teenagers and young adults. According to the National Commission on Excellence in Education (1984), many students are unsuccessful in school because they lack effective study skills (MutsotsoAbenga, 2010). College students face various sources of academic stress, including demonstration of an ability to engage in challenging materials under time limitation (AfsanehHassanbeigi, JafarAskari, Mina Nakhjavani, ShimaShirkhoda, KazemBarzegar, Mohammad R. MozayyanHossienFallahzadeh, 2011) especially examination (Helen, 2013). To counter this, the commission recommends that study skills be introduced to students very early in the schooling process and continue throughout a student’s educational career (MutsotsoAbenga, 2010). In a now classic study of study skills, Entwistle (1960) reported that students who voluntarily took a study skills course were more successful academically than similar students who did not voluntarily take the course(MutsotsoAbenga, 2010). Haynes (1993) reported that improving study skills techniques can enhance academic achievement for students with poor study skills habits (MutsotsoAbenga, 2010). One such initiative was launched by the Louisiana State Board of Elementary and Secondary Education (BESE)(MutsotsoAbenga, 2010). This initiative, â€Å"The Dynamics of Effective Study,† was intended to help students succeed in high school by providing them with essential study skills(cited in Louisiana Department of Education, 1987)(MutsotsoAbenga, 2010). According to documents produced by BESE, the â€Å"Dynamics of Effective Study† course was designed to help students â€Å"learn how to learn† so that they can become effective, well-organized, and self-directed learners (cited in Louisiana Department of Education, 1987)(MutsotsoAbenga, 2010).

Draculas Death in Bran Strokers Novel Dracula Essay examples -- Drac

Dracula's Death in Bram Stroker's Novel Dracula In Bram Stroker's infamous novel, Dracula, he tries to explain the life of the undead, then continues to explain how to kill these creatures of the night. We find out that you must stab a vampire in the heart with a wooden stake, and then slash off their head. This is the only way that we are led to believe that you may be able to kill these undead. We learn this through Stoker's vampire expert Van Helsing, he seems to be the most educated on the subject of the undead and creatures of the night, otherwise known as vampires. He explains to the rest of the posse, which consists of; Harker, Quincy, Dr. Seaward, and the Van Helsing, on how this feat must be done. But later, in one of the most mysterious parts of the novel, Dracula's "death", you are supposed to see another way to kill a creature if the night. Did Stoker make a mistake, or was this intentional? Due to these details I believe that Dracula merely shape shifted his way out of this predicament. This elite group is now s earching to destroy Dracula. They first start with ...

Of Mice And Men? Is More Than Just The Tragedy Of Lennie; It Shows Th :: essays research papers

The world in the 1930’s was a very uncaring place. Due to the depression, many families were split up, so loneliness was running ramped. Ranch hands were thought of as the loneliest people in the world â€Å"Guys like us, that work on ranches, are the loneliest guys in the world† (page 15). Loneliness wasn’t the only kind of sadness and suffering that was endured by the workers. Lost dreams, discrimination and being disabled were only some of the problems faced. But these were not only limited to workers, women also felt these kinds of sadness and suffering a lot. In the book, Crooks, Curley’s wife and Candy are the main examples of these. Crooks is a black stable hand who has been called Crooks due the hunched back he has after a horse kicked him. In the 1930’s, being black was an extreme disadvantaged. You would be discriminated for your colour and this would lead to loneliness. Crooks was always being blamed for everything that went wrong even though he was hardly involved. The boss picked on him because of his colour â€Å"An’ he give the stable buck hell† (page 21) â€Å"Ya see the stable bucks a nigger† (page 21). Candy says this when George and Lennie arrive at the ranch and after Candy said that Crooks was a nigger, George accepted the boss’ treatment of Crooks. Another time Steinbeck talks about Crooks being discriminated was when he writes about the Christmas party where Smitty took after Crooks and the men did not stop the fight because Crooks was black, but did not allow Smitty to use his feet in the fight due to Crooks’ disability. Crooks has a room to himself because the guys won’t let him into the bunkhouse because he smells. This makes Crooks a very lonely man. Candy says â€Å"Got books in his room† (page 21) as if that is some sort of replacement for the company of another person. â€Å"A guy goes nuts if he ain’t got nobody† (page 72) â€Å"I tell ya a guy gets too lonely an’ he gets sick† (page 72). This Crooks way of trying to explain to Lennie that Lennie is a lucky man to a friend like George, and he is also saying something about his own death to loneliness. Curley’s wife experiences nearly, if not more sadness and suffering than Crooks. She is discriminated like Crooks, but for a different reason.

Training and Development of KFC

  Kentucky Fried Chicken has extensive program prepared for the services crews or food service workers in customer service, health and safety, cleaning procedures, and food preparation.   Started with using special combinations of eleven herbs and spices as seasonings, Colonel Sanders (the founder) started the business in Kentucky in the mid 1939 but started its way to franchising business in 1955. After many years of existence, KFC still holds the philosophies and values of hard work and excellent customer service that Colonel instilled in all its stores around the world.   Ã‚  KFC now is one of the brands owned by Yum! Brands, Inc.How their training program connected with the philosophy and mission of the organization (Nationally and internationally)KFC has bolstered its â€Å"Colonel’s Tradition† way of recruiting and training workers.   Albrecht mentioned about some strategies KFC has formulated in order to observe operating efficiencies.   One of those st rategies was the revision of KFC’s crew training programs and operating standards, which is centered on customer service and continued high quality products across the franchises (p. 318).In 1997, with the 5,117 outlets mostly franchised nationally and internationally, KFC knows the importance of controlling the operation especially the service quality and products despite the differences in culture, language, local law, financial markets, and marketing strategies, through the Tricon International division, which is a marketing arm of the company. By means of the consultation process with the Yum! Chief People Officer Strategy, the head office receives feedback from franchise owners about their human resources and training performance.   This gives employees assurance that they receive same training practices and experiences regardless of restaurant ownership.Consistent with the company’s mission and values, it also trains with a status as â€Å"Registered Training Organization† that provides their trainees with nationally accredited qualification once completed the programs. The following are the certificates that could be accumulated: certificate in retail operations, retail supervision, and retail management (â€Å"Training and Retaining†).Steps involved in training their employees (managers and working staff).KFC has a structured orientation and training program for newly hired personnel assigned in Customer Service and Food Service that could give them Nationally Recognized qualification (kfcjob.com).   The traineeship that usually lasts from one to three years will give the employees good credential and good experience, which could give them opportunity for promotion in the future.   Along with their value â€Å"How we work together principle,† KFC has developed a management team that will supervise the career development needs of the employees.   Aside from that, if an employee wants to become a Restaurant Gene ral Management level, he has to attend the ‘Developing Champions’ program.The training programs include manuals, skill checklists, and tracking charts to ensure that trainees learn effectively in enable them to acquire promotion internally.KFC provides different training programs to help increase the skills and performance of the employees. They have STAR2000, helps increase skills and performance; In the Lead program, this prepares employee to become shift supervisor; this training gives the trainee the chance to become Assistant Unit Manager; the Vision I, and Be the Leader program, this helps make one become General Manager at KFC restaurant.   These programs prepare everyone for professional growth in the company.The training is given upon the advice of the Human Resource Department of the company so long as the employee accomplishes a degree of satisfaction upon evaluation of his or her performance.Conceptual model of procedures and steps involved in trainingThe training program has two phases, one is for employees, and the other one is given for franchise employees.   However the program is applied to both to ensure quality service among the KFC personnel. The model schema of KFC training program according to level is shown below:What training program KFC use to train their franchisee employees in host country as well as in oversees?KFC supplies its franchise employee with lots of benefits and support to help it grow in the business such as advertising, coaching, training and sourcing.   As a neophyte, KFC offers trainings called Franchise Management and Leadership courses prior to the operation that usually last to eight weeks for key restaurant personnel through the Yum! University (â€Å"Franchise†).   The program consists of basic product training, leading a shift, leading a restaurant, and leading multiple restaurants.Another training programs are given that can take up to six months during the operation called â€Å"Dev eloping Champions, Area Coach Orientation, and restaurant support centre induction† (Franchise).  KFC provides worldwide support for the learning and institutionalization of key leadership and management program for both company leaders and franchises.While training their employees in overseas, is the KFC organization socially responsible organization if yes why?KFC organization is a socially responsible because it is not only committed in providing career development to its employees, it also responsible in helping maintain healthy diets to its customers.Employees are assured of good career path with KFC around the world because of incentives, benefits, and promotions it offers.   The trainings are not only intended to ensure quality service of the employees but the also serve to give them promotion opportunities.KFC also joined the world’s campaign against poverty.   In a report, KFC and Pizza Huts all over the globe launched the first World Hunger Relief Week o n October 14, 2007 (â€Å"Buy a Meal†).Aside from that, KFC has other means to help the community.   It provides scholars to high school seniors planning to enroll in state-owned colleges or universities, it conducts its business in ethical manner and principles (the ‘How We Work Together’ principle), and their animal welfare program.ConclusionKentucky Fried Chicken Corporation is an example of an entrepreneurial business that started small and grew remarkably.   Its commitment towards efficiency in their service has motivated its founder Colonel to create a unique approach in maintaining quality service and products by means of providing training to the employees for greater efficiency in line with work.   These trainings bring out benefits not only for the company but also for also professional advancement of the employees.Using diverse training programs, the company is assured that they possess quality personnel and crew with one hundred percent retentio n.ReferenceAlbrecht, Maryann H. (2001). International HRM: Managing Diversity in the Workplace. UK: Blackwell Publishers Ltd.Buy a meal give a meal World Hunger Relief Week. October 14-20, 2007. http://www.kfc.co.uk/charity/charity.aspxFranchise and Business Opportunities for Entrepreneurs. http://www.franchisegator.com/KFC-Kentucky-Fried-Chicken-franchise/Franchise. http://www.kfc.co.uk/about/franchise.aspxKFC (2008). http://www.kfc.com/about/careers.aspTraining and Retaining Great Employees. Financial Review Case Studies. http://www.afrbiz.com.au/page.asp?3652=430506&E_Page=416317&3648=430499&case=430501U+KFC. http://www.kfcjobs.com.au/team/vision-and-values.aspx

Rimbaud And Ginsberg Essays - Counterculture Of The 1960s

Rimbaud And Ginsberg Essays - Counterculture Of The 1960s Rimbaud And Ginsberg Rimbaud and Ginsberg as Modern Poets Anyone who has read a fair sampling of modernist poetry or studied some representative visionary poets has found the experience something of a revelation. Immediately exhilarating for some, initially intimidating for others and, for all of us, a profound departure from traditional literature. According to Rimbaud, for a poet to be absolutely modern he must become a visionary and a poet makes himself a visionary through a long, boundless and systematized disorganization of all the senses. All forms of love, of suffering, of madness, he searches himself, he exhausts within himself all poisons and preserves their quintessences. Rimbauds most notable work, A Season in Hell is the perfect example of how his choice of lifestyle lent the necessary experiences to be closer to God and ultimately creative poetry. Through the use drugs and other devices, Rimbaud was able to unearth the core of his soul while still being able to capture divine inspiration on paper before delirium set in. Allen Ginsbergs greatest work Howl is similar to A Season in Hell in that it ultimately captures Ginsbergs life experiences as the reader can but only grasp the means by which such a seemingly chaotic life is conducive to ingenious literature. Among the many similarities between these two poets, the first would be that there was an absent father and a domineering mother. For most, this situation would lead to a child trying to attain control over his surroundings. For Ginsberg and Rimbaud, however, this family life helped create the starting point for their need to understand their world around them. Both Ginsberg and Rimbaud had many mentors in their early years. Rimbauds relationship with Verlaine allowed him to express himself sexually and poetically thus giving him the necessary material to fuel his disorganization of the senses. Among Ginsbergs many mentors, Jack Kerouac, William S. Burrows and Neil Cassidy, who were equally obsessed with poetry, sex and drugs, helped him to develop his literary voice. The similarities between Rimbauds use of absinthe and Ginsbergs experimentations with Benzedrine, marijuana and homosexually, believed that he, like Rimbaud, was ultimately working toward a great poetic vision which Kerouac called The New Vision. In literary terms, Ginsberg follows in Rimbauds footsteps with the use of symbolism and free verse. From what weve studied in class, the bulk of these poets works resemble a colorfully adventurous diary documenting the adventures of two of literatures greatest visionary poets. In William Carlos Williams introduction to Howl he writes Allen Ginsberg, who has gone in his own body through the horrifying experiences described from life in these pages. The wonder of the thing is not that he has survived but that he, from the very depths, has found a fellow whom he can love. And, in a statement, that could adequately describe Rimbauds work he writes hold back the edges of your gowns, Ladies, we are going through hell. After a Season in Hell and Howl, both poets mellowed out considerably and began to travel the world. Rimbaud, finding his love of gunrunning in Africa and Ginsberg finding his physical love, Peter Orlovsky. What can we, as the readers, conceptualize about these poets lifes works? Why did Rimbaud give up writing? Did he, perhaps, get so close to God that the light was too bright and he decided to be content in a more mundane career. Did Ginsberg attain his own level of expectations in his lifes work or did the events that led up to the creation of Howl alter his future work? What we are left with in these poets great works is merely a glimpse, however haunting and beautiful, into two human beings attempt to view life in the most spiritual light attainable. Ginsberg writes: I high on laughing gas Ive been here before The odd vibration of The same old universe The universe is a void In which there is a dream hole The dream disappears The hole closes Its the instant of going Into or coming out of Existence that is Important-to catch on To the secret of the magic Box. When I was fifteen years old, I discovered the book of Rimbauds work in my high school library and was discouraged from reading it by a poet friend of mine twelve years my senior. He,

English Essays - Cathy Ames, John Steinbeck, East Of Eden, Cathy

English Essays - Cathy Ames, John Steinbeck, East Of Eden, Cathy English East of Eden by John Steinbeck In the novel, East of Eden by John Steinbeck, Catherine Ames is one of the main characters. She is introduced to the reader as a monster and as time goes on, she possesses both monster like and animal qualities. As Catherine she gets older and wiser, she gets more evil and displays her monster and animal like characteristics. She knows she is powerful and indestructible. She has manipulated and tricked many people her life causing them to go to the extreme... death. Catherine Cathy shows her evilness and her monster like behavior in many scenes throughout the book. Steinbeck illustrates Cathy as being a monster on pages 95 and 96. I believe there are monsters born in the world... It is my belief that Cathy Ames was born with the tendencies, or lack of them, which drove and forced her all of her life, said Steinbeck. Cathy used this to her advantage by making people uneasy, but not so uneasy that they would not run away from her. Cathy was born with an innocent look that fooled many; she had golden blond hair, hazel eyes, a thin and delicate nose, and a small chin to make her face look heart shaped. Acoording to the town Cathy lived, Cathy had a scent of sweetness, but that is just what Cathy wanted the town to see and think when Cathy planned her kill. On page 114-115, The fire broke out... the Ames house went up like a rocket... Enough remained of Mr. and Mrs. Ames to make sure there were two bodies. Cathy had set the house on fire and broke into the safe to steal the familys money. As the investigators scoped the place, they noticed that the bolts stuck out and there were no keys left in the locks. They knew it was not an accident. Cathys body was never found, but the town assumed that she died. If it had not been for Cathys murder, the fire and robbery might have been a coincidence. Steinbeck, again, portrays the reader that Cathy is a monster on page 242, When I said Cathy was a monster it seemed to me that it was so. Steinbeck is reassuring the reader that Cathy is a monster and with the evidence before and after this statement. For example, Cathy later changes her name to Kate and runs a whorehouse. While she runs the house, she takes pictures of all the important male individuals in the town to later send to their spouses and families. Cathy plans to send the pictures whether they caused trouble or not. As Cathys character evolves, Steinbeck changes his description from a monster to an animal. Her head jerked up and her sharp teeth fastened on his hand across the back and up into the palm near the little finger... her jaw was set and her head twisted and turned, mangling his hand the way a terrier worries a sack. Steinbeck said on page 253. Cathys sharp teeth fastened into a mans hand who was only trying to help. Cathy's sharp teeth sunk into the man's flesh like a dogs canines would have. She tore away at the skin and twisted and turned her head to resemble a dog. Do you think I want to be human? Look at those pictures! Id rather be an animal than a human, said Cathy. Cathy admits she would rather be an animal than a human. The physical features of Cathy are that of a human but the mental state of her resembles an animal. Although, Cathy seems to down grade and be paradoxical about herself because humans are much smarter than dogs, but she says she is smarter than any normal human. She knows how to manipulate any individual without trying. On page 427, Uncontrolled hatred shone in Kates eyes. She screamed, a long and shrill animal screech. Cathy, for unknown reasons has animal characteristics. This one just happens to be the screech of an animal. Steinbeck uses Cathy for suspense in his novel. You never know what she is going to do next or what she is thinking. She has more characteristics of a monster and an animal than a human. Cathys character has no talk about being normal except for her looks. I think the only sensible thing she did in her life time was not killing Adam, her loving spouse, and committing suicide. She has not a care in the world and her only love is hatred.

That Annoying New Verb disrespect

That Annoying New Verb disrespect That Annoying New Verb â€Å"disrespect† That Annoying New Verb â€Å"disrespect† By Maeve Maddox Reader Erica Richards, commenting on the post about the abomination â€Å"a few stuff,† was not so sanguine as I about teenagers outgrowing appalling usage: The trend Im seeing is that poor grammar habits are not only perpetuated into adulthood, but can be treated as an accepted form of speech used on TV or the radio. I suspect that eventually it is accepted as proper grammar . . . The most notable example is the current vernacular use of â€Å"disrespect† as a verb, as in he disrespected me.   Sounds like nails on a blackboard to me, however, its all over the media. Well, I feel the same way about disrespect used as a verb. It flies all over me when I hear it and I was about to write a post about how ridiculous, unidiomatic and unnecessary the usage is. Before I did, however, I looked it up in the OED. I didn’t expect to find it or, if it was there, I expected it to be labeled an Americanism. This is what I found. disrespect: v. trans. The reverse of to respect; to have or show no respect, regard, or reverence for; to treat with irreverence. Hence disreï ¿ ¼spected ppl. a., -ing vbl. n. Not only is disrespect in the OED as a verb, its use as a verb goes back to the seventeenth century. 1614 WITHER Sat. to King, Juvenilia (1633) 346 Here can I smile to see..how the mean mans suit is dis-respected. 1633 BP. HALL Hard Texts N.T. 11 If he love the one he must disrespect the other. 1683 CAVE Ecclesiastici 231 (Basil) To honor him, and dis-respect his Friend, was to stroke a mans head with one hand, and strike him with the other. 1706 HEARNE Collect. 26 Apr., He was disrespected in Oxford by several men who now speak well of him. 1852 L. HUNT Poems Pref. 27 As if..sorrow disrespected things homely. 1885 G. MEREDITH Diana I. 257 You will judge whether he disrespects me. Some of us may feel that â€Å"disrespect† as a verb is a despicable neologism, but it isn’t. Erica, your observations about the way incorrect usage filters into the media are valid, but it looks as if we’ll have to bite the bullet on disrespect as a verb. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:20 Great Similes from Literature to Inspire You"Owing to" vs "Due to"15 Names and Descriptions of Effects

Musical Theaters Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Musical Theaters - Assignment Example The first factor that made musical theater leap from â€Å"Oklahoma† to â€Å"Rent† is attributed to the uniqueness of the performances in theaters. (Everett & Laired, 2009). Theaters became revolutionized in that performances included singing, acting and dancing. The actions of; singing, acting and dancing instilled new life in the theaters, and eradicated the old fashion theaters, which only involved acting. In essence, the musical, â€Å"Oh what a beautiful morning† portrayed both aspects of signing and acting. The theme of the musical contained lyrics, which inspired a great number of people, and this made the musical very appealing (Everett & Laired, 2009). The second factor that made musical theaters leap from â€Å"Oklahoma† to â€Å"Rent† is related to the society. The musical â€Å"I will† by Jonathan Larson is performed by individuals from impoverished societies faced with negative issues such as poverty and AIDS. Through this, the theater became appealing since many individuals found relevance while in the theaters. Individuals in American societies and around the world, mostly the youths, found themselves on the negative side. Musicals such as â€Å"Oh what a beautiful morning† flourished as it touched a great number of individuals. The inspiring nature of the two musicals â€Å"Oh what a beautiful morning† and â€Å"I will† added with the drama and music definitely appeals (Everett & Laired, 2009).

BP Seen takeover target after settlement as value trails Essay

BP Seen takeover target after settlement as value trails - Essay Example The company’s reserves are worth $ 7 a barrel while its rival Shell is worth $14. The company’s market value is the least compared with the other big four companies. The 50% sold accounted for about two third of the company’s oil production. The assets were in exchange of $12.3 billion cash and 12% stock in Rosneft, a Russian oil corporate. Rosneft is expected to also acquire the remaining 50% stock to assume full ownership. According to the London Business School, the selling of its assets, as well as, expensive settlements for suits related to the oils spill damages is equivalent to a takeover. The move, as well as, the oil spill tragedy, makes PB weak and its competitors including Royal Dutch Shell may bid for more stake. According the company’s Chief Executive, in an interview, the reduced company’s size may lead to a takeover attempt. The Chief Executive also unveiled the company’s expected short-term and long-term plans meant to spur gr owth. The plans include raising new projects’ margins and issuing back shareholders’ funds. The shareholders have also been rewarded by a 12.5 % increase in dividends paid in the 2012 third quarter. Additionally, due to the importance of the company to the United Kingdom, the government may oppose any move meant to bring a merge or acquisition. The company is one of the UK economy backbone employs a large proportion of the country’s population and earns the government huge revenues in terms of taxes. Among the company’s plans, there is a defense strategy following speculations that the company may be taken over. Many investors are interested in the company’s shares because of their low value. A takeover would be of benefit to the shareholders who would be able to recover some of their invested money. The company has liquidity problems, and the only option left of fighting for its survival in the market is through a takeover or selling of some of it s assets. However, selling some of the assets is may be a dangerous move as it may result to bankruptcy of the firm thus requiring it to dissolve. Additionally, it may be difficult to raise capital through debt securities, for example, bonds because of the risk associated with the company. The rate of interest would be significantly high since the financial institution would consider the risk. It would be of benefit to the new owner because of the valuable assets and human capital that the oil company holds. Since it would be an entirely different company, no new suits would be expected and, therefore, the new owner will easily turn the nearly collapsing company into a global profitable company. If the new trader would then stop the BP’s shares trading, immediately after the purchase, the market price would go up. Finn states that â€Å"the value of the stock would go up because of decrease in demand (131)†. Additionally, if the new owner would be another oil company, the benefits would be even more. The market share and dominance would go up. This in turn, would increase the company’s profitability and market value. A merger would also be of benefit to the current shareholders. Their stock in the company has declined significantly since the oil spill disaster. In addition, they have not been getting the returns that made them invest in the company. A merger will inject

Pret Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Pret - Essay Example Currently, there lies the presence of 295 shops of the company in the world and the majority of them are located in the United Kingdom. The annual turnover of the company is approximately 380 million Pounds (Pret A Manger, 2012). The company formed 22 new stores or shops in the year 2011 and is likely to open more 20 to 30 stores in the year 2012. It does not possess any franchisee while performing its business operations. Moreover, the company bears a strong custom in order to develop its working personnel. In this context, it desires to invest profoundly towards the advancement of its employees by a considerable level (Pret A Manger, 2012). In the paper, a complete analysis about the various major difficulties faced by Pret A Manger that include particularly the supply as well as the demand issues will be taken into concern. Furthermore, few business strategies have been provided in order to assist the company to overcome the major problems related to supply and demand issues while performing its business operations. Impact of Demand and Supply Factor in Business Organisations The factors of supply along with demand are observed to be one of the most influential factors, which affect the business working as well as performance of any organisation. The aspect of demand is described as the willpower and the capability of the customers to buy a specific product and the notion of supply is defined as the capability of the business to deliver the various products to the customers according to their demand. In relation to the restaurant industry, the commencement of Great Recession imposed a severe as well as a sudden impact upon the business performances along with sales of the restaurants. In this regard, it has been observed that before the start of the Great Recession, the major factors that include easy financing and presence of market participants ultimately fuelled towards raising the number of new restaurants, which resulted in maximum supply which exceeded the demand (Petev & et. al., 2011). Problems for Pret A Manger One of the major problems, which had been faced by Pret A Manger in recent times, is about the investigation made over its frozen chicken, which the company used in its food labelling. It has been observed that the frozen chicken which was utilised by the company was actually shipped from Brazil. However, this aspect was not properly communicated through the labelling of the product. In response, the co-founder of the company, Pret A Manger named Julian Metcalfe stated that the sandwiches of his company are made with fresh products and the company always concentrates upon making the products with preservative free ingredients. He also added that unlike his business market competitors, his company makes sandwiches daily and they are never kept overnight. Thus, it can be stated that the company faced a major problem in relation to sustainability issue that has been recognised in its frozen chicken labelled fresh products (Telegraph Media Group Limited, 2012). The other significant issue that had been faced by Pret A Manager is about the complaint against one of its products i.e. tomato soup which contained huge quantity of salt that might lead towards the diseases of high blood pressure and hypertension. This particular issue has ultimately affected the commitment that has been made by the company in order to deliver fresh as well as natural food to its valued customers (Mail Online, 2012). Furthermore, the company might face

Nursing research Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 29

Nursing research - Essay Example The third thing that I have learned in this course is the approaches of improving HCAHPS scores in an organization. In line with this, I will use this lesson in my workplace to ensure that my facility improved its scores. On the other hand, another thing that I have learned is the development of an action aid plan that aimed at achieving the objective of raising the HCAHPS scores. In line with this, I am going to design an action aid plan and inculcate all the elements such as the objectives, processes that should be addressed, the timeline of implementation, cost-benefit ratio, and the financial implications of the action aid plan on the organization and patients. Finally, I have learned about the important role played by the aspects of monitoring and evaluation of a program its implementation my workplace. In line with this, I will ensure that I monitored and evaluated a program during its implementation stage in order to take corrective measures or make decisions regarding the fut ure of the

America and the Great War Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

America and the Great War - Essay Example (Stubbs, 2002) The rise of Pan-Slavism, which is a form of ethno-nationalism, in Eastern European countries had also precipitated the war. The strong diplomatic, economic and strategic interests in neighboring countries induced a cascade effect in terms of drawing reluctant participants to the war. The Great War was characterized by the long periods spent by the armed forces in â€Å"trenches†, so much so that the war is often described as trench warfare. This not only indicates the lack of sophistication in the art of war at the time but also the â€Å"stagnant† nature of this type of warfare. The recorded duration of the First war was close to five years, ranging from 1914 to 1919, most of this time was spent in combats that have reached a state of â€Å"stalemate†. (Kiesling, 2005) The First World War, also referred to as the Great War due to its sweeping scale, would shake-up then existing power equations within Europe and set up the region for the Second Wor ld War two decades later. While America's participation in the latter war was more substantial, it nevertheless played a crucial supportive role to its conventional allies in the former too. America’s support to the French cause would prove to be a major factor in the eventual outcome of the war. (Robert Bruce's book titled The Fraternity of Arms: America and France in the Great War traces this alliance and places it in the historical, political, ideological and imperialist contexts.) While Britain was witnessing a period of unprecedented prosperity and power during the beginning of the twentieth century and its connection to the United States goes two centuries further back, it was the alliance with France which was strategically important in the context of the Great War. This assessment goes against the grain of popular history, but nevertheless true. For example, the shared ideological basis of the two countries goes back to the Declaration of Independence on July the four th, 1776. The installation of the Statue of Liberty in Ellis Island, off the banks of New York, as well as the adoption of the democratic ideals of 'Equality, Fraternity and Liberty' into the American constitution are enduring symbols of this shared heritage. (Bruce, 2003) It is for the aforementioned commonalities that American public were in unison with their elected representatives' decision to join the war. At the beginning of the Great War, most of the American public was aloof to events on the other side of the Atlantic. This stands to reason, for there was no direct threat to American sovereignty and vested interests. Also, as the American demography was composed of various European ethnicities, joining ranks with one side might prove costly in domestic politics. But eventually, the shared ideological underpinnings between the United States, France and Britain proved to be an important factor in turning around public opinion in a quick time. (Kiesling, 2005) During the early months of 1918 the amalgamation controversy assumed its peak and it became uncertain whether Britain would receive any American help at all. But the ultimate victory for the Western powers was made possible due to their superior cohesion and coordination – something which their enemies could not achieve. So, despite America's Navy being very weak, its supply of troops to the Western cause was a decisive factor. And their successful integration under British and French

Nursing research Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 29

Nursing research - Essay Example The third thing that I have learned in this course is the approaches of improving HCAHPS scores in an organization. In line with this, I will use this lesson in my workplace to ensure that my facility improved its scores. On the other hand, another thing that I have learned is the development of an action aid plan that aimed at achieving the objective of raising the HCAHPS scores. In line with this, I am going to design an action aid plan and inculcate all the elements such as the objectives, processes that should be addressed, the timeline of implementation, cost-benefit ratio, and the financial implications of the action aid plan on the organization and patients. Finally, I have learned about the important role played by the aspects of monitoring and evaluation of a program its implementation my workplace. In line with this, I will ensure that I monitored and evaluated a program during its implementation stage in order to take corrective measures or make decisions regarding the fut ure of the

In A Farewell to Arms, Hemingway portrays the idea that life and war Research Paper

In A Farewell to Arms, Hemingway portrays the idea that life and war create nothing but hopelessness and tragedy - Research Paper Example The relationship between Henry and Catherine blossoms and results in Catherine becoming pregnant. Post treatment, Henry has to return to the waterfront leaving behind Catherine and consequently is taken as captives. However, he manages to flee and returns to Catherine. Both of them escape to Switzerland where fate desolates them and both Catherine and the new born baby dies leaving Henry devastated. The theme of love, separation and desolation in the novel can be rightly claimed as a parallel to William Shakespeare’s immortal tale of love and sacrifice Romeo & Juliet. The major theme of this book was to present love as a major theme against war and all kinds of wrongdoing in the world. From the beginning to the end of this novel, every incident was associated with rain. And other images of water. The rain always associated with destruction, sorrow and death, As this story was all about the death of a lover and destruction caused by the war therefore the backdrop of rain was ap propriate to demonstrate the scenario. But in this story the rain was not only the symbol of destruction, it was also used as a symbol of life when Henry were able to escape from the authority twice through a river and lake. There was a clear indication that all the character of this novel was trying to dissociate themselves from the horror of war by means of involving in different games. For Henry, the biggest diversion was his love Catherine. He first treated his love as a game, but slowly started to realize the attraction and connection that he was having with her and how she able to change his life. This love story in the backdrop of the horror of WWI was a resemblance to the immortal love story of Romeo and Juliet. The story portrays that love is always more important than war, and life and war can only bring hopelessness and tragedy. A Farewell to Arms: A story of sacrifice A Farewell to Arms finds its place among the best tragic creations of Ernest Hemingway. Baker in his boo k says that Hemingway himself â€Å"referred to the story of Lieutenant Frederic Henry and Catherine Barkley as his Romeo & Juliet† (Bloom, 69). The striking similarity between Henry and Catherine and their Shakespearean counterparts, Romeo and Juliet is how the love relationship between them, which started as flirtation affair, graduated to mature relationship where they held their own even when the odds were stacked against them. The background of the love story between Catherine and Henry is the Austria-Italy war amidst the grueling World War I while the Shakespearean lovers had to hold out the Montague-Capulet family feud. Drawing other similarities between the two immortal creations of love and sacrifice, Baker says â€Å"Neither in Romeo & Juliet nor in A Farewell to Arms is the catastrophe a direct and logical result of the immoral social situation† (Baker 99). Baker concludes that Catherine’s death â€Å"is an unfortunate biological accident† and â€Å"the death of Shakespeare’s lovers is also precipitated by an accident – the detention of the message bearing friar† (Baker, 99). Baker also observes that â€Å"Catherine’s death,†¦.shows a kind of artistic inevitability. Except by a large indirection, the war does not kill Catherine any more than the Veronese feud kills Juliet†. (Bloom, 39). Hemmingway does not portray every graphical detail of the war. The only strong depiction of war comes in when the book illustrates the bombardment and injury of Henry immediately after the

Technology and Decision Making Essay Example for Free

Technology and Decision Making Essay The quality of patient care, communication between health care staff, and the safety of patients has greatly improved since the onset of technology. Through the improvement of information technology, the ability to collect data and manage the decisions based on the data collected has enhanced in the clinical setting as well as in the business portion. Health care informatics incorporates theories from informational science, computer science, and cognitive science (Englebardt Nelson, 2002). This information helps to gather and process it in order to make an informed decision. Important information could be missed if the data is ignored. Some of the most recent technology which includes the internet and cell phones has made it possible to access information quickly in order to make the best decision for the patient in order to provide good quality care. Technology changes every day and it is important to keep up with these changes that will help support clinical decisions made by the caregivers. This paper on informatics will show the systems and information theories, the DIK model, and the role of the expert system in nursing care and medicine. System and information theories System. â€Å"A system is a set of related interacting parts enclosed in a boundary† (Englebardt Nelson, 2002, p.5). There are many types of systems which include but are not limited to: computer systems, school systems, health care systems, and people. Systems can be living or nonliving, open or closed. Closed systems do not act with the environment whereas open system have the ability to act with the environment. Open systems can be used to understand technology and those individuals associated with its use. This type of system takes input from the environment, processes it, and then returns it back to the environment as output, which serves as feedback. This theory can better help the individual understand the way people work with systems in the health care industry and allow for a visualization of the whole picture. A common term using in computer science is GIGO, â€Å"garbage in, garbage out†. This applies in the sense that a system is only as good as its user. If the user is inputting garbage, or poor quality data, the computer is likely to output the same. A system requires an accurate source in order for accurate material to be produced as a result. Open systems have three types of characteristics which include: purpose, functions, and structure (Englebardt Nelson, 2002). The purpose is the reason for the existence of the system or the program and is most often stated in the organization’s mission statement. This is true for health care organizations, churches, and schools. For example, the mission statement of the local public health department to promote health, prevent illness, and control communicable disease by providing quality services, health education, and environmental services for the community. Computer systems are often classified by their purpose and may have more than one purpose. By selecting a purpose that all individuals agree upon within the organization, a system can be chosen. It is important to take the time to identify the purpose with all those who will be using the system. Functions identify the methods in which the system will achieve its purpose. â€Å"Functions are activities that a system carries out to achieve its purpose† (Englebardt Nelson, 2002, p.6). When a computer system is chosen a list of functional specification must be put in writing to identify each function and how it will be performed. Systems are structured to allow the functions to be carried out. Some examples of structured systems include the nursing department. The nurse in charge will assign patients to the staff nurses with the purpose to provide care. The charge nurse will ensure that the team is functioning with the ability to provide the care the patient needs and deserves. Two different models can be used to visualize the structure of a system: hierarchical and web. In the hierarchical model, each computer is a part of the local area network (LAN) which in turn is part of a wide area network (WAN) that is connected to the mainframe computer system. The mainframe is the leader of the system or lead part. The web model functions much like that of a spider-web. It has the capability to pass information to many departments that may use it for different purposes. For example,  laboratory results may be sent to the pharmacy to calculate a medication dosage and patient vitals may be sent to another department for review and use. â€Å"A system includes structural elements from both the web and hierarchical model† (Englebardt Nelson, 2002, p.7). Everything living or nonliving are in a constant state of change. Six concepts are helpful in understanding the change process: 1)dynamic homeostasis, 2)entropy, 3)negentropy, 4) specialization, 5)reverberation, and 6)equifinality. Dynamic homeostasis consists of maintaining an equal balance within the system. At times, increased stress can throw off the balance and cause challenges to the organization. A health care informatics specialist’s job is to decrease the stress and restore the balance within the organization. Entropy can be best described as the tendency of the system to break down into parts. This can be the loss of some data when transmitted from one department to another. All systems, living or nonliving, reach a point where they are no longer repairable. When this point is reached, a system must be replaced. Negentropy is the opposite of entropy and is best described as the system’s ability to multiply and become more complex. As the size of the health car e industry grows, so do the health care information systems. Information technology. â€Å"Information technology has the potential to greatly streamline healthcare and greatly reduce the chance of human error. However, there is a growing literature indicating that if systems are not designed adequately they may actually increase the possibility of error in the complex interaction between clinician and machine in healthcare† (Borycki, E., Kushniruk, A., Brender, J., 2010, p. 714). The term information has more than one meaning and the term information theory refers to multiple theories. The two common theoretical theories of information theories are: Shannon and Weaver’s information-communication model and Blum’s model (Englebardt Nelson, 2002, p. 10). The information theory was presented as a formal theory in 1948 with a publication by Claude Shannon titled â€Å"A Mathematical Theory of Communication†. In this theory, the sender is the originator of the message and then the encoder converts the message into a code. A code can be a number, symbol, letters, or words. The decoder then converts the message to a format that can be recognized by the receiver. Shannon was a telephone engineer and explained this theory in a way that the decoder was the  telephone converting sound waves into a message the receiver could understand. â€Å"Warren Weaver, from the Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, provided the interpretation for understanding the semantic meaning of a message† (Englebardt Nelson, 2002, p. 12). He used Shannon’s works to explain the interpretational aspects of communication as each individual perceives things different from the next. Different types of circumstances may occur causing a message to be interpreted wrong. For example, if a physician is using medical terminology that the patient cannot understand there is definitely a communication problem. If the patient cannot hear what is being said because the ear is not transmitting sound, then there is a different type of communication problem. The message must convey meaning and produce the intended result. Bruce L. Blum defined three types of health care computing applications called Blum’s Model. He grouped these applications in data, information, or knowledge. Data are those things such as height, weight, age, and name. Information is defined as data that has been processed. Knowledge is the relationship between data and information. Using these concepts, it is possible to identify different levels of computing and automated systems. Data, Information, and Knowledge (DIK) model Healthcare informatics can be explained using a model consisting of three parts: data, information, and knowledge (Georgiou, 2002). The three parts are demonstrated using a hierarchy pyramid. Data is the platform in the model, representing the foundation. Data is represented as facts and observations, but without supporting context, the data is irrelevant. Until the information is validated or manipulated the data is not significant, once it is manipulated, the data can provide value to the user. Information is the product of data once the data has been manipulated. The result of data and information is evidence-based knowledge. Evidence based knowledge can be used to support evidence based medicine. Some individuals feel that too much focus has been put on data, limiting the ability to practice medicine as a science. Instead, the use of data suggests that medicine is being practiced based on statistics instead of science. Yet, the same critics will use the same hierarchy of data, information and knowledge to treat a patient that develops a fever after hip surgery. The fever alone does not provide significant information but combined with information of a  recent surgery, a physician will test further for signs of infection. The end result is the knowledge of why the patient is feverish. Viewing informatics in the form of the decision-information-knowledge (DIK) model allows individuals to see the process as a whole. The data must be accurately representing what is occurring or the information will not be accurate. The statement, â€Å"dirty in, dirty out,† can be applied to the platform of the model. It is essential that clean data be entered into the system, allowing clean data and information to be produced. The product, knowledge, can then be substantiated through the evidence produced. Just as evidence is used to make clinical decisions, the DIK model is used, in conjunction with the scie ntific information, to build evidence based medicine. Health informatics involves spreading and distributing information as just one piece of the process of producing knowledge which is multifaceted (Georgiou, 2002). The role of expert system in nursing care and medicine Nurses and other health care professionals make decisions on a daily basis that affect patients’ care and treatment. Nurses and health care professionals are not expert in all areas of nursing care and medicine. Health care workers specialized in certain area or field of medicine or nursing are not always readily available to everyone. Expert systems have been developed to assist medical and health care providers with decisions about care and treatment of patient. An expert system is a knowledge-based computer program designed to â€Å"enhance the human ability to analyze, problem solve, treat, diagnose, and estimate prognosis of health-related conditions† (Englebardt Nelson, 2002, p. 114). â€Å"Nursing expert systems can improve the overall quality of care when designed for the appropriate end-user group and based on a knowledge base reflecting nursing expertise† (Courtney, Alexander, and Demiris, 2008, P. 697). Examples of expert systems include MYCIN, a system that advise physicians about antimicrobial selection for patients with meningitis or bacteremia and INTERNIST-1, a system that assist with diagnosing complex problems in general internal medicine (Shortliffe, 1986). Health care workers may not always have the knowledge base to diagnose and treat every condition or situation encountered. Expert systems are used to close the gap in knowledge providing effective, efficient, and  accurate care. The concept of expert system is driven by the desire to improve patient care, reduce cost, and disseminate expert knowledge. Expert systems are used just as x-rays and lab values are obtained to improve the human understanding of a patient’s condition. The human memory has limitations. Expert systems can be the answer to eliminating a large number of preventable medical mistakes. This system can alert health care workers about drug interactions and allergies, and provide preferable form o f treatment. Expert systems can assist in diagnostic suggestions, testing prompts, therapeutic protocols, and practice guidelines. The utilization of expert systems has an impact on the quality of care, economy, and medical education of staff. Expert systems, when used effectively can improve patient outcomes and decrease health care costs. Fewer mistakes lead to lower financial expenditures and increased profits. Improved quality of care result in improved patient satisfaction that leads to increased reimbursement from Medicare and Medicaid. Expert systems can also decrease the variation in medical practice emphasizing standardized and evidence-based practice of care. Along with expert systems, decision aids and decision support systems are used to improve patient care. The use of decision aids and decision support systems Clinical decision aids help to identify solutions to clinical situations. Decision aids can be either paper-form or electronic. The electronic decision aids can be accessed via recorded media or the Internet. Decision aids are utilized to facilitate shared decisions between the patient and interdisciplinary team taking care of them. They help the patient to think about the multiple decisions they must make in the course of their treatment regimen. An example is the Ottawa Patient Decision Aid. This decision aid helps to determine whether or not patients should seek antibiotics for bronchitis. Another example is a decision aid about whether or not someone should place his or her family in a long-term care facility for Alzheimer’s disease (Englebardt Nelson, 2002). A decision support system (DSS) is an interactive, flexible, and adaptable computer-based information system (CBIS), which was made to support decision-making as it relates to the solution of an individual problem. â€Å"A clinical decision support system (CDSS) is an automated decision support system (DSS) that  mimics human decision making and can facilitate the clinical diagnostic process, promote the use of best practices, assist with the development and adherence of guidelines, facilitate processes for improvement of care, and prevent errors† (Englebardt and Nelson, 2002, p. 116). Decision support systems utilize data and provide easy user interface that permit for the decision maker’s own insights. Four components of decision support systems are user interface, model library, model manager, and report writer. User interface makes communication between the executive and decision support system. Model library includes statistical, graphical, financial, and â€Å"what if† models. Model manager accesses available models. Report Writer generates written output (Englebardt Nelson, 2002). Four types of CDSS used in patient care decision-making are systems that use alerts to respond to clinical data, systems respond to decisions to alter care by critiquing decisions, systems suggest interventions at the request of care providers, and systems conduct retrospective quality assurance reviews. Examples of nursing-specific decision support systems are nursing diagnosis systems such as the Computer Aided Nursing Diagnosis and Intervention (CANDI) system, care planning systems such as the Urological Nursing Information System, symptom management systems such as the Cancer Pain Decision Support system, and nursing education systems such as the Creighton Online Multiple Modular Expert System (Courtney, Alexander, and Demiris, 2008). The uses of technology for patient and client management As Information Technology continues to have more presence in health care, patients, physicians, and staff are benefiting from on-demand access to information anyplace, anytime it is needed. Advances in technology provide healthcare organizations the ability to improve the quality of patient care. An ultimate goal of using technology is to improve the quality of care patients receive (Become a Meaningful User of Health IT, 2010). Technology can be found patient homes, clinics, extended care facilities, and hospitals, to name just a few. As the number of chronic diseases continues to increase technologies like telemedicine and video-conferencing can improve the quality of life of patients with chronic conditions, and reduce costs caused by these illnesses (Finkelstein Friedman, 2000). Improving quality, access, and client management is done by enhancing the  exchange of information between providers, institutions, and payers, allowing patients to receive uninterrupted continuity of care. For the people living in rural areas, the restrictions placed on services and specialists can be improved using technology (Smith, Bensink, Armfield, Stillman, Caffery, 2005). Telecommunications in the healthcare environment can provide patients and providers an opportunity to meet and even exceed expectations clients and the community have. A physician accessing a patients’ record from his home can provide treatment and develop a plan of care without sitting in his clinic to access the patients’ chart. Caregivers are no longer at the mercy of ongoing education provided at a variety of locations and cost. Learning management systems available via the Internet allow staff to review material and participate in competency testing. Tools are available through the advances in technology, which allow training by developing simulations of patients used for assessment training in virtual environments, assessing cognitive skills of providers (McGowan, 2008). As technologies in healthcare continue to improve, caregivers and patients will continue to experience changes in many areas.  Communication, teaching, and documenting will be affected, which change the way clinicians provide care and the way clients will receive it. Analysis of the effect of technology on health care and health status Prior to computers and digital equipment seen in today’s healthcare facilities, most of what was done for patients was done manually. Manual processes could be time consuming and the opportunity for human error, which could affect the quality of care a patient received, was real. In a recent report from the Institute of medical care, it was stated that humans are inherently imperfect, and error is frequent in medical car (Patton, 2001). Technologies affecting patient care and a person’s health status include improvements to imaging systems, documentation solutions, and scheduling systems. Modern medicine relies on technological systems coming together: the operating room, clinical laboratory, radiology department, and radiation oncology facility each incorporate interrelated networks of technologies (Patton, 2001). Surgeries that once required large incisions can be done through microscopic incisions resulting in shorter hospital stays. Early diagnosis and improved treatment plans have been inevitably affected by technology. Although technology allows healthcare to improve access to patient information allowing easier access that is current and up-to-date there are also disadvantages to this kind of access. Consumers and caregivers have large volumes of information, which can be accessed, not all of the information accessed will be understood or accurate. Society must be aware that not all sites will be able to monitor and ensure information being accessed is credible; it is inevitable some of the information provided and retrieved will be inaccurate. Worse yet information which are by law confidential, may also be accessed without the consent of the patient. In addition to the ability to monitor healthcare information, technology may also make it challenging for physicians to practice under complete autonomy. With the increase in the complexity of technology, physicians must agree on how components relate to one another, also known as standards (Patton, 2001). As a result, some physicians can be seen resisting the adoption of new processes, but with ongoing development of user-friendly systems, resistance can be overcome. References Become a Meaningful User of Health IT. (2010). HHN: Hospitals Health Networks, 84(12), 47. Borycki, E., Kushniruk, A., Brender, J. (2010). Theories, models and frameworks for diagnosing technology-induced error. Studies In Health Technology And Informatics, 160(Pt 1), 714-718. Finkelstein, J. J., Friedman, R. H. (2000). Potential Role of Telecommunication Technologies in the Management of Chronic Health Conditions. Disease Management Health Outcomes, 8(2), 57-63. Retrieved from EBSCOhost. Courtney, K. L., Alexander, G. L., Demiris, G. (2008). Information technology from novice to expert: implementation implications. Journal of Nursing Management, 16(6), 692-699. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2834.2007.00829.x Englebardt, S. P. Nelson, R. (2002).Health care informatics. An interdisciplinary approach. St. Louis, MO: Mosby Elsevier. Georgiou, A. (2002). Data information and knowledge: the health informatics model and its role in evidence-based medicine. Journal Of Evaluation In Clinical Practice, 8(2), 127-130. McGowan, J. J. (2008). The Pervasiveness of Telemedicine: Adoption With or Without a Research Base. JGIM: Journal of General Internal Medicine, 23(4), 505-507. doi:10.1007/s11606-008-0534-z Patton, G. (2001). The two-edged sword: how technology shapes medical practice. Physician Executive, 27(2), 42-49. Shortliffe, E. H. (1986). Medical Expert Systems- Knowledge Tool for Physicians. Retrieved from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1307157/?page=2 Smith, A., Bensink, M., Armfield, N., Stillman, J., Caffery, L. (2005, October-December). Telemedicine and rural health care applications. Journal of Postgraduate Medicine, 51(4), 286.

Toni Morison Analysis | Feminist Postcolonial Approach

Toni Morison Analysis | Feminist Postcolonial Approach Although Toni Morrison is known for her epic themes, vivid dialogue and richly detailed characters but this essay focuses on her approach towards feminist post colonialism. At first I will give a brief overview of the term feminist post colonialism and demonstrate how feminist discourses and post colonialism shared many similarities. Further this essay examines the construction of radicalized and gendered identities in Morrisons fictional work. I will also explore how these identities are constructed and created in fiction by using a feminist postcolonial approach. Morrisons text by addressing historical issues critically and in so doing attempting to heal historical wounds; it may also seek to change it. She focuses on the damage that the black women characters suffer through the construction of femininity in a radicalized society. I will extensively focus on Morrisons novel Jazz, Beloved, and The Bluest Eyes and elaborate how by using different narrative techniques such as characte rs, plot, setting and imagery to mirror the atrocities done to the Afro American women. Key words: Post colonialism, feminism, slavery, African American women, Harlem renaissance, Beloved. Nobel Prize laureate, Toni Morrison is considered to be one of the most popular and most important authors of the 20th Century. Much of her literary work has actively challenged the stereotypes that have been imposed on African American women throughout history. The characters in her novels are beautifully portrayed in order to allow the reader to explore their journeys and the way in which they are presented. The expression of the black female voice is characteristic of Toni Morrisons novels. Morrison, through her black female characters portrays the collective experience of black women in America which are shaped by the past experience of slavery and by the patriarchal capitalist American society. Patriarchy in America dates back to the colonial period when male authority and female submission was essential to the subsistence economy and to the social set-up. This society marginalized woman and gave them meager and indirect access to power in the community. Before going into the de ep analysis of Morison works from the feminist postcolonial perspective we must consider how both feminism and postcolonial interlinked. Feminist discourse and post-colonial theory shares many similarities. Firstly, both discourses are political and concern themselves with the struggle against oppression and injustice. Moreover, both reject the established patriarchal system, which is dominated by the hegemonic white male, and also deny the supposed supremacy of masculine power and authority. There are a significant number of literary texts that are written from both a feminist and post-colonial standpoint. Feminism, in its various forms, is a popular and powerful vantage point for postcolonial thought, and each of these texts presents a number of ways that colonization-and the consequences which last well into postcolonial eras. These texts often share views on the individuality and disparity of the subject, as well as agreeing on shared strategies of resistance against dictatorial external forces. These texts deal with the double colonization of women by both their male counterparts and the dominant colonial powers .Specially, it becomes clear that the female body becomes a thing of commodity, an item to be owned, controlled, or abused for sexual gratification by those in power. Ultimately, as one move both with and through feminist perspectives, it reveals that colonization works by creating a system of interlocking oppressions such as race, gender, sexuality, class, etc. The writings of Toni Morrison are identified with formerly colonized peoples and shaped this web of interlocking oppression in her own way. She wrote with postcolonial perspective and we find the traces such as magical realism, oppression of women, search for home and self-identity, homelessness, rootlessness, language, gender stereotype, classism, racial differences etc. throughout her writing. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Who in novels characterized by visionary force and poetic import, gives life to an essential aspect of American reality this statement by the Swedish academy is an appropriate description of Nobel Prize laureate Toni Morrison. Her novel Jazz which was first published in 1992 is set in Harlem of the 1920. It reestablishes an essential aspect of African American history_ the Harlem renaissance. Harlem Renaissance was an intellectual movement that was significant to the emancipation of African American at the beginning of 20th century. Setting her novel at the backdrop of this movement, she regenerates a black historical past and has given life to it. Morrisons Jazz looks back upon the Harlem Renaissance from a late 20th century perspective and revolves around the stories of African American characters Violet, Joe and Dorcas. In Jazz, Toni Morrison wants to create a novel that explores the essence of jazz. In her introduction to Jazz, Morrison writes, I wanted the work to be a manifestation of the musics intellect, sensuality, anarchy; its history, its range and its modernity. Due to this Morrisons novel not only reflects the evolution of Jazz music but also captures the soul of the jazz movement. Morrison molds the settings, plot lines, characters, and structure of her novel to recreate the rich history, revolutionary spirit, and progressive style of jazz. Morrison uses the settings in Jazz to reflect the history of the jazz movement. It also addresses its influence on the Harlem Renaissance. In addition, Morrison uses flashbacks to addresses significance settings associated with the Great Migration. Moreover, she uses the settings in the novel to reflect the connection between jazz and African American culture and history. Morrison addresses the spirit of anarchy that was embodied in both the jazz movement and Harlem life. Morrison structures the plot lines, narratives, and characters of Jazz to reflect the elements of musical anarchy, as well as to reflect the violent and anarchical spirit of the jazz moment and life in Harlem during the Renaissance. The chaotic and violent aspect of the lives of African American woman living in Harlem during the Renaissance is reflected in the actions of Violet. The lawlessness in Jazz is shown when we are confronted with the horrible action of Violet attacking the corpse of her husbands lover. Further we find out that Joe Trace is the girls murderer and are drawn deeper into the chaotic, violent world of Harlem. The actions of both Joe and Violet Trace result from their inability to accept the changing views regarding gender. Likewise, Joe Trace illustrates the possessiveness of African American males and the refusal to accept the new views to gender power. Joe kills Dorcas because she attempts to leave him. Joe is actually tied to old views of sexuality. He links sex with possession. When Dorcas rejects him and seeks sexual fulfillment in another, Joe Trace speaks out against her use of gender power. The domestic violence that spread through Harlem during this period resulted from the violent rejection of changing sexual and gender norms. In addition, it reflected the chaotic and anarchical spirit of the jazz age time when both violence a nd sensuality were at the forefront of the musical, intellectual, and cultural lives of African American life. The importance of sexual expression cannot be denied when discussing the Harlem Renaissance and Jazz Age. Sexual expression became a landmark of jazz music, dance, and culture. Morrison points out the sensuality of jazz music through the sensual relationship between Joe Trace and Dorcas. The relationship between Joe and Dorcas is passionate kind of love. Their relationship revolves around secret sexual encounters and passionate emotions. When Morrison writes playful fingers examine and caress, we picture lovers caressing each other and jazz musicians playing their instruments. Morrison uses sensual characters, plot lines, and language to mirror the sensuality of jazz and the boldness of sexual expression associated with the Jazz Age. In Jazz, Morrison reflects the structure of jazz through her modernist composition. Morrison mimics jazz composition in her creation of the novel. She uses numerous voices, structured plot lines, disconnected sections, bold and poetical language, and sensual plot lines and imagery to elaborate her ideas about that age and the situation prevailing in Harlem at that time. Through her use of various elements of modern fiction styles and structures, Morrison brings to life the boldness, sensuality, tension, and history of jazz. In Jazz, Morrison addresses the importance of African American culture and musical forms on the ideas of the Jazz Age through her characters, settings, plot lines, and modernist structure, in order to mirror the jazz history, spirit, and structure of African America art and thought. Toni Morrisons Beloved, offers significant insight into power relations through her female protagonists. The most critical type of colonial oppression experienced by the women of Beloved is physical that is concerned with controlling and taking benefit of the bodies it subjects. Sethe and her family have the direct experience of being owned by white slave holders. Women in this novel often suffer violent and controlling sexual abuse that is either not present or in much less drastic forms for the colonized men. In Beloved, a particularly disturbing form of this oppression happens when Schoolteacher and his boys restrain and violate Sethe. Morrisons novel, however, not only shows the female body oppressed, but also struggle for individuality and self-ownership. Denver, when thinking about her family considers the situation a slaves body is in both materially and under colonial ideology: Grandma Baby said people look down on her because she had eight children with different men. Colored people and white people both look down on her for that. Slaves not supposed to have pleasurable feelings of their own; their bodies not supposed to be like that, but they have to have as many children as they can to please whoever owned them (Morrison 246-7). Even in the cruel reality of sexual slavery, women like Baby Suggs are able to reclaim their humanity by simply enjoying sex. One of the glaring ironies, or hypocrisies, of colonialism is that it condemns the colonized for the very things it forces them to do. It condemns the enslaved woman for being sexually assorted, yet at the same time forcers her to have as many children as pos sible. In Beloved, colonial power over the sexual life of the female body is a horrific reality, but freedom is as close as ones own physical selfhood. Slaverys destruction of identity is another postcolonial theme from feministic point of view in the novel under discussion. Beloved explores the physical, emotional, and spiritual devastation done by slavery. The most dangerous effects of slavery are its negative impact on the former slaves senses of self, and the novel contains multiple examples of self-alienation. Paul D, for example, is so alienated from himself that at one point he cannot tell whether the screaming he hears is his own or someone elses. Slaves were traded as subhuman or as commodities whose worth could be expressed in dollars. Sethe was also treated as a subhuman. She once walked in on schoolteacher giving his pupils a lesson on her animal characteristics. She seems to be isolated from herself and filled with self-loathing. Yet her children also have volatile and unstable identities. Denver conflates her identity with Beloveds, and Beloved feels herself actually beginning to physically disintegrate. There is a sense of complete loss of self and existence among most of the characters in the novel. Due to the inability to believe in their own existences, both Baby Suggs and Paul D become depressed and tired. Baby Suggss fatigue is spiritual, while Paul Ds is emotional. Other slaves-Jackson Till, Aunt Phyllis, and Halle went insane and thus suffered a complete loss of self. Yet Sethes act of infanticide illuminates the perverse forces of the institution of slavery. Under slavery, a mother best expresses her love for her children by murdering them and thus protecting them from the more gradual destruction wrought by slavery. Where slavery exists, everyone suffers a loss of humanity and compassion. For this reason, Morrison suggests that our nations identity, like the novels characters, must be healed. Crucially, in Beloved, we learn about the history and legacy of slavery not from schoolteachers point of view but rather from Sethes, Paul Ds, Stamp Paids, and Baby Suggss. Morrison writes history with the voices of a people historically denied the power of language, and Beloved recaptures a history that had been lost-either due to willed forgetfulness or to forced silence. Magical realism as a dominant literary mode in Toni Morrisons Beloved can be considered as a decolonizing agent in a postcolonial context. Morrisons narrative in Beloved, takes the advantage of both realism and magic to challenge the authoritative colonialist attitude and so can be alleged as a powerful and efficient method to project the postcolonial experience of African-American ex-slaves in the Unites States. It also provides an alternate point of view to Eurocentric accounts of reality and history to attack the solidity of Eurocentric definitions. It is also a consequence to mirror the hidden and silenced voices of numerous enslaved generations of African-Americans in the history of United States. Beloved is written from the marginal point of view of African-Americans who do not have social and political power. It is the story of Sethe, an ex-slave, who grieves the fact that she murdered her baby girl in order to save her from a life of slavery. She mourns so much that her grief becomes manifest into a body of a young woman named Beloved, a ghost in the beginning, the same age that Sethes dead baby would have been had she lived. The presence of two opposing discursive systems of magic and real in Beloved can reflect the tensions between the colonized and colonizer discourses in a postcolonial context. Applying postcolonial terminology, realism represents the hegemonic discourse of the colonizer while magic refers to the strategy of opposition and resistance used by the colonized. Magical realism can also provide a way to fill in the gaps of cultural representation in a postcolonial context by recovering the fragments and voices of forgotten histories from the colonized point o f view. In other words, magical realism may serve as the transformative decolonizing project of imaging alternative histories. The magical realism of Morrisons text by addressing historical issues critically and in so doing attempting to heal historical wounds, not only can reflect history, it may also seek to change it. Thus, Beloved can be read as a postcolonial historiographic intervention, a strategic re-centering of American history in the lives of the African- Americans who are historically dispossessed. Toni Morrisons novel, The Bluest Eye examines the construction of radicalized and gendered identities in fictional texts, specifically in Afro-American writings. In the novel, Morrison challenges Western standards of beauty and elaborate that the concept of beauty is socially constructed. Morrison also recognizes that if whiteness is used as a standard of beauty or anything else, then the value of blackness is diminished and this novel works to subvert that tendency. In demonstrating pride in being black, this writer does not simply portray positive images of blackness. Instead, she focuses on the damage that the black women characters suffer through the construction of femininity in a racialised society. As Paul C. Taylor argues, a white dominated culture has racialised beauty, [in] that it has defined beauty per se in terms of white beauty, in terms of the physical features that the people we consider white [people] are more likely to have (Taylor, 1999, 17, emphasis in original). Therefore, in the process of trying to achieve beauty, as Taylor further argues, the experience of a black woman à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ differs from the experiences of à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Jewish and Irish women (Taylor, 1999, 20). This can clearly be seen in the ways that the black women characters in Morrisons novel suffer in trying to conform to Western standards of beauty. The Bluest Eye tells the story of an eleven year old black girl, Pecola Breedlove, who wants to have blue eyes, because she sees herself, and is regarded by most of the characters in the novel, as ugly. The standard of beauty that her peers subscribe to is represented by the white child actress, Shirley Temple, who has the desired blue eyes. The novel starts with the description of an ideal white family but in the near-parodic style of a school reading primer, where we meet Dick and Jane and their lovely parents living in a nice and comfortable house with a lovely dog and a cat. The Dick and Jane text functions as the hegemonizing force of an ideology ([focused by] the supremacy of the bluest eye) by which a dominant culture reproduces its hierarchical power structure (Grewal, 1998, 24). As Donald B. Gibson also demonstrates, the Dick and Jane text implies one of the primary and most insidious ways that the dominant culture exercises its hegemony, through the educational system. It reveals the role of education in both oppressing the victim and more to the point teaching the victim how to oppress her own black self by internalising the values that dictate standards of beauty (Gibson, 1989, 20). In contrast to this hegemonic identity, the main black characters are depicted as various and very different characters located in three hierarchical families: first Geraldines, then the MacTeers and at the bottom, the Breedloves. The novel shows how these black characters respond to the dominant culture differently and this refutes easy binary social distinctions. Pauline Breedlove, Geraldine, Maureen Peal, and Pecola are black characters who try to conform to an imposed ideal of femininity. They are absorbed and marginalized by the cultural icons portraying physical beauty: movies, billboards, magazines, books, newspapers, window signs, dolls, and drinking cups (Gibson, 1989, 20). Pauline Breedlove, for example, learns about physical beauty from the movies. In Morrisons words, along with the idea of romantic love, she was introduced to another physical beauty. Probably the most destructive ideas in the history of human thought. Both originated in envy, thrived in insecurity, and ended in disillusion (Morrison, 1970, 1999, 95). Consequently, in trying to conform to the ideal of white femininity, the black women characters despise their blackness which in turn leads to self-hatred. They see themselves through the eyes of white people and their worship of white beauty also has disastrous effects on their own community. Geraldine, for example, represses her black characteristics which are not fitted to white femininity as she strives to get rid of the funkiness (Morrison, 1970, 1999, 64). Being well educated and having adopted Western ways of life, Geraldine draws the line between coloured and black. She deliberately teaches her son the differences between coloured and black: Coloured people were neat and quiet; niggers were dirty and loud (Morrison, 1970, 1999, 67). However, not all the black characters admire or are in awe of Western standards of beauty. The novel also shows black people who are aware of the danger of adopting Western standards of beauty. Claudia, the young girl narrator, at the very beginning of the novel, describes herself as indifferent to both white dolls and Shirley Temple. She also realizes that she does not really hate light-skinned Maureen but hates the thing that makes Maureen beautiful. As children, Claudia and her sister Frieda are happy with their difference, their blackness: We felt comfortable in our skins, enjoyed the news that our senses released to us, admired our dirt, cultivated our scars, and could not comprehend this unworthiness (Morrison, 1970, 1999, 57). This may suggest that Claudia resists the pressure to conform to a white vision of beauty. Therefore, Claudias consciousness can also be read as decolonising her mind from colonial oppression as she frees herself from white standards imposed on black people. As Grewal argues, individuals collude in their own oppression by internalizing [the] dominant cultures values in the face of great material contradictions (Grewal, 1998, 21). Quoting Terry Eagleton she also argues that the most difficult thing in emancipation is to free ourselves from ourselves (Grewal, 1998, 21). Through Claudia, however, the novel suggests that some are capable of challenging this, but for the victims of such oppression this awareness may come too late. Conclusion: There are many literary texts and writers who have written from feminist postcolonial view but Toni Morison stand head and shoulder above due to her fictional writing about Afro American community in general and for black women in specific. There are many works of Morrison which make her distinguish among others. We find several post-colonial themes in her novels like slavery, homeliness, rootlessness, cultural clash, mimcry, question of identity, language, magic realism, marginlizatin etc. but these all themes has been presented through a female point of view that how these things add suffering in the woman life. The postcolonial vision of black identity and specifically black woman identity is that Morrison attempted to shape in her novels. These novels have primarily focused on how black people have been spiritually and physically victimized throughout the oppressive black history in the United States. She presented the question of identity of black community, that how they were n eglected even as a human being. In her novels we see complexity of colonial relations between blacks and whites. When we analyse these fictions it reminds us the work of postcolonial theorists like Frantz Fanon and Homi Bhabha, which particularly integrates the concepts of mimicry, ambivalence, and hybridity. Morrisons fiction in the frame of postcolonial theory very aptly presents postcolonial black identity.

Upton Sinclairs Purpose in Writing The Jungle Essay examples -- Upton

Upton Sinclair's Purpose in Writing The Jungle Upton Sinclair wrote this book for a couple of reasons. First and foremost, he tries to awaken the reader to the terrible living conditions of immigrants in the cities around the turn of the century. Chicago has the most potent examples of these conditions. Secondly, he attempts to show the advantages of socialism in helping to remedy the problems of a society such as the one that exists in Chicago at this time. Sinclair accomplishes his objectives with an extremely powerful story. Jurgis Rudkus and his family seem to be an average immigrant family of the period. They are not wealthy and they are easily fooled by schemes designed to take what little they have. The language barrier encountered by these people is a major factor in allowing them to be swindled. The immigrants of this period tend to trust anyone who is fluent in their native language. This fact is put to use twice early in their time in America. A Lithuanian lawyer is sought to read over the contract for the purchase of their house. Jurgis is suspicious when the lawyer and the agent are on a first name basis. However, when the lawyer tells him that it is a legal and fair document, Jurgis believes him. The lawyer does not tell him of the loopholes that will eventually lead to the loss of the house. After Jurgis works in the packing house for a while, a man tells him in Lithuanian that he can now become a citizen. Jurgis is then registered to vote, and told about one of the candidates. Nothing is said of the other candidate, so he votes for the man that he is told of, and receives money for this vote. Another problem faced by most of the immigrants of Chicago is making a living. Jurgis gets a job on the first day trying. He is paid the princely sum of $1.25 a day. In Lithuania, this is a lot of money. With the wages of himself and his brother, the entire family should be able to keep solvent. Due to the hidden charges for the house, he finds that he is dreadfully wrong. Eventually, all of the family members must seek work, just to survive. Life becomes a 'hand-to-mouth' proposition. Even after the family loses the house, things do not get any easier. During this time period, there is no such thing as job security. All of the packing houses have a 'speed-up' polic... ... This work paints a very vivid picture of the world of the immigrant of the early 1900's. It makes the reader think about the injustices that existed then, and to some extent, still exist. The story seems to be true to life, and not the least bit contrived. The reader is wrapped up in the life of Jurgis Rudkus. Every time he seems to be on top of things, he is knocked off by some unseen force. The book is very difficult to put down because the fate of the main character always seems to be hanging on the brink. This book is an indispensable insight into the history of the era. However, the socialist propaganda at the end seems to be a bit hard to accept. It is too large of a dose, and seems to abandon Jurgis. This appears to be the only problem with the book, and can be almost overlooked by the reader, if it is desired. Upton Sinclair wrote a very impressive work. It is definitely worth the time to read it. It shows many facets of life during the period. The storyteller has a very dynamic person to narrarate. The hopes and dreams of a generation of immigrants to the United States are presented in a very thought-provoking manner.

business :: essays research papers

I. Executive Summary Accents will be formed as a consignment company specializing in the resale of high quality used furniture in the consignment market. Its founders are former managers of retail services, personal finance, and brand allocation, all in the retail industry. They are founding Accents to capitalize on a service they offer in a virtually untapped market. Accents offers reliable, high quality furniture and appliance to college students for apartments, dorm rooms, on a discount scale. A true alternative to traditional furniture stores, Accents offers a high level of practicality, convience, and know-how. Customer must know that shopping at Accents is a more relaxed, and inexpressive way to furnish their new homes, apartments, and offices. Accents must also be able to maintain financial balance, through creative pricing, while delivering a higher value to its clients. Initial focus will be development in the college market, or for other persons in the Kalamazoo market. 1. 3 Keys to Success *Ex cellence in fulfilling the promise completely confidential, reliable, trustworthy expertise and information. *Developing visibility to generate new business leads. *Leveraging from a single pool of expertise into multiple revenue generation opportunities: retainer consulting, project consulting, market research, and market research published reports. 2. 0 Company Summary Progressive Consulting is a new company providing high-level expertise in international high-tech business development, channel development, distribution strategies, and marketing of high tech products. It will focus initially on providing two kinds of international triangles: *Providing United States clients with development for European and Latin American markets. *Providing European clients with development for the United States and Latin American markets. As it grows it will take on people and consulting work in related markets, such as the rest of Latin America, and the Far East, and similar markets. As it grow s it will look for additional leverage by taking brokerage positions and representation positions to create percentage holdings in product results.

Safeguarding: Abuse and Child

Chloe Smith CYP Core 3. 3 – Understand how to safeguard the well being of children and young people. 1. 1 – Outline current legislations, guidelines, policies and procedures within UK Home Nation affecting the safeguarding of children and young people. In England the current main legislations and guidelines are: Children’s Act 1989 Children’s Act 2004 United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child Statutory Framework for the Early Years Foundation Stage 2008 Protection of Children Act 1999 Working together to safeguard Children 2010Police Act 1997 Children’s Act 1989 This act was brought in to simplify existing laws protecting children and young people in the uk. This law gives children and young people equal rights and makes sure their feelings are paramount. It also made sure that the local authorities have a duty to provide a service for children in need and their families. Children’s Act 2004 The children act 2004 was brought into p lace by Lord Laming following the death of Victoria Climbie. The children’s act 2004 amends the children’s act 1989.It makes sure that local services such as the police, social services, education services, the nhs and other agencies all work together to protect vulnerable children. United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child This legislation means that all children have the right to be heard and make their own choices. It also states that they have the basic right to learn and develop into adults without harm. Statutory Framework for the Early Years Foundation Stage 2008 EYFS is followed by settings to safeguard children and ensure the adults that are in contact the children are safe and capable.Under the Child Protection Act all workers must be CRB checked and all settings must have policies and procedures they follow. Protection of Children Act 1999 This legislations to ensure there is a system in place that keeps a list of individuals identified as unsuita ble for working with children and young people are not offered employment by settings. Safeguarding Children’s Policy This has a policy that states how we work with children, parents and the community to ensure the safety of children.To promote the children’s rights we have to give the child a safe environment that encourages the child to develop skills they will need to use for their adult life. Working with parents to build their understanding of their expectations to alongside the setting help the child. In my setting I would liaise with LSCB, Ofsted and NSPCC. 1. 2 – Explain Child Protection within the wider concept of safeguarding children and young people. As part of my role as a practioner I have a duty of care to safeguard the children this means – Protecting children from maltreatmentPreventing impairment of children’s health or development Ensuring that children feel safe and secure Providing support that helps children to develop their f ull potential. Child protection is a part of safeguarding and promoting welfare. Effective child protection is essential as part of a wider work to promote welfare and safeguard children. 1. 3 – Analyse how national and local guidelines, policies and procedures for safeguarding affect day to day work with children and young people. As a practioner I have to ensure that I keep all children and young people safe in my setting. I will show this in my observation. 1. – Explain when and why inquiries and serious case reviews are required and how the sharing of findings informs practice. Serious case reviews have to be carried out when a child dies ( incuding suspected suicide ) or there has To be a reported case of serious harm to a child . Serious harm to a child includes neglect and abuse. If this happens an inquiry has to be carried out to see if the system failed and if so how it could have been prevented. All cases have to be recorded and reviewed by other agencies suc h as the police, education welfare or hospitals. If as a practioner or other agencies we do not follow the legislations or our olicies and procedures we are not only failing to do our job but we are putting the children at great risk. This is when children could result in being at risk of abuse or even death. In the case of Victoria Climbie agencies did not follow the policies and procedures correctly and did not do their duty of care and keep her safe. There was a lack of communication between the agencies this sadly resulted in victorias death. Communication is vital because without communication no one can fully understand the childs case and keep them safe from more potent ional risk or in this case death.When a serious case is reviewed NSPCC and other agencies have to come up with other suggestions to ensure that what happened to victoria does not happen to other children. 1. 5 – Explain how the processes used by own work setting or service comply with legislation that c overs data protection, information handling and sharing. At my work setting all information about the child has to be kept safe. All files have to be locked away , all information on the computer has to be locked with passwords. The school only collects the necessary information , the Childs name, dob, address, parent/ carer , allergies .The school always has to be informed of any changes to the childs details. If the child moves schools all information has to be deleted. As well as making it part of our job role to keep all this information safe and confidential it is also the safeguarding officers role. 2. 1 – Explain the importance of safeguarding children and young people . At my work setting it is my job role to safeguard the children. I have to give the children equal chances and rights to be safe. Also to progress in their learning and development and to give them the best start in life and to teach them the skills they are going to bring into their adult life.Children need to also be safeguarded from possible neglect or abuse of any kind. If I suspected a child was being abused take for instance if I noticed the childs change in behaviour if they become very angry, violent , scared , withdrawn and also appear with bruises continusly with no explanation I would suspect from the signs that the child was being physically abused. In order to safeguard the child I would have to follow the policies and procedures to either stop or prevent the child coming to any harm. 2. 2 – Explain the importance of a child or young person – centred approach.It is important in my setting to give the child or young person a centred approach because I have to have an understanding of every individual child and understand that they all have different needs. Children all learn at different paces it can all depend on their age, background and many other things. I have to use different ways of supporting the child as some children will benefit from different learning techniques to others and to fulfil my job role I have to take this into consideration when planning for the child although children are all at different levels all child needs to be treated fairly and be given equal opportunities.This is why it is important to build a trusting relationship with the child so I have a good relationship with the child and also the parent so we can both bring out the best in the child because we have a positive relationship with the child which will result in positive outcomes. 2. 3 – Explain what is meant by partnership working in the context of safeguarding. In context to safeguarding it is vital that we work in partnership. This could be with other members of staff to ensure that the environment for the child is a happy and safe one and any information on the child that needs to be shared can be.This is also the case with the parents if we have any concerns about the child or any queries we should have enough of a relationship with th e parent and see if they agree or together we can come up with suggestions that would benefit the child. I need to be in partnership with outside agencies in case there is a situation with the child that I need further advice or support with. Having a partnership with the staff . Parents and outside agencies will not only be following legislations but also be safeguarding the child correctly. 2. – Describe the roles and responsibilities of the different organisations that may be involved when a child or young person has been abused or harmed. Social services – To provide support for vulnerable children and also their families. If necessary the child may have to be taken into care if the parent/ carers are not able to support the child . It is their job to find another suitable home for the child. Psychology service – provides support such as therapy to children or young people who have experienced abuse or neglect. 3. 1 – Explain why it important to ensur e children and young people are protected from harm within the work setting.It is important that I take my responsibility for the children’s safety very important. We are trusted by the parents to keep the children safe. By following my policies and procedures I ensure that I am safeguarding the child. I must make sure that I provide a safe and happy environment for the children to develop. I need to give the children an opportunity to learn and achieve. 3. 2 – Explain policies and procedures that are in place to protect children and young people and adults who work with them. In every setting there has to be a policy and procedures folder.It is important for the policy and procedures to be available for all who enters the setting to see. The parents need to be able to know how we run the setting and deal with situations. The parent needs to be able to understand and trust the work we do in the setting. To keep the children safe we have to do daily risk assessments. We have to make sure that there are the right ratio of workers to children. We have to make sure that everyone knows their own role. Every person that enters the setting needs to sign a visitors book and anyone working with the children needs to be CRB checked.Policies and procedures have to follow guidelines and legislations. 3. 3 – Evaluate ways in which concerns about poor practice can be reported whilst ensuring that whistleblowers and those who practice or behaviour is being questioned are protected. If an employee has a concern they can either talk to their line manager verbally or written. They need express valid points to why there whistle blowing. If they cant talk to the line manager because it involves them then they can contact the senior management team or hr manager.All matters have to be dealt with alongside The standards board for England’s whistle blowing policy and procedure. The head of legal will decide whether it is a concern and the employee will be informed. If you do need to tell your side of the story it must be honest and factual you are not allowed to assume and have to remain professional about the matter. All personal data has to be kept confidential under the Personal Data Protection Act. All enquiries has to give the accused a fair chance to tell their side of the story before a decision is made.Once a decision is made both parties can protest if either feel it has not been dealt with correctly. 3. 4 – Explain how practioners can take steps to protect themselves within their everyday practice in the work setting and on off site visits . There should always be two members of staff when a child is getting undressed, needs assistance in the toilet, Avoid being alone with a child in the classroom or any areas of the setting. If being alone with the child cant be avoided keep a door open and stay where you can always be seen. If a parent or carer is ever late to collect the child make sure that tow members of staff stay behind.Only in very few situations does a child need to be closely touched if the child is injured or needs to be changed. Schools should have guidelines to protect their staff and the children. Risk assessments should always be daily carried out to decrease the risk to the child. There should also be risk assessment t on outings should be carried there should be an outings policy. Under the health and safety act at work means that we have to do risk assessments to reduce the risk and to keep the children safe. 4. 1 – Describe the possible signs, symptoms , indicators and behaviours that may cause concern in the context of safeguarding.As part of my job role to safeguard children and young people I need to be able to spot a child at risk of abuse. There are different types of abuse. One type of abuse is physical abuse signs can include un explained bruising, red marks , pinch marks , swelling , burns or missing hair . The childs behavour may be scared, withdrawn or they could even be angry and violent themselves. Emotinal abuse may leave the child to be withdrawn , low self esteem, lack of confidence , they might have speech problems and find it difficult to make friends or be very clingy.The child may be very over apoligetic when they have done something wrong. Sexual abuse may result in the child having a sexually transmitted disease, cuts,abnormal swelling, discomfort , pain passing urine bloodstains on clothes or underwear . Behaviour may show the child to act in a sexual and inapproiate way , drawing pictures and fear of adults for no clear reason. Signs of neglect may leave the child to have lack of food, they may be obese because of a lack of healthy food, the child may arrive in dirty clothing, dirty skin , infection , they may be ill a lot with no medical attention.The child may be nervous attention seeking or clingy. 4. 2 – Describe the actions to take if a child or young person alleges harm or abuse in line with policies and proce dures of own setting. If a child alleges harm or abuse then I need to comfort the child and ensure them that there not in any trouble but warn them that I cant keep secrets. I will listen to the child carefully but I will not speak I don’t want to influence the child. Whatever the child tells me I will record and only share with my line manager or supervisor. All the records I keep must be locked away as it is confidential. . 3 – Explain the rights that children and young people and their carers have in situation were harm or abuse is suspected or alleged. If a child makes an allegation then I need to protect the child and also inform the child on the action that needs to be taken. The child has the right to be safe but also not to be questioned. Children have the right to make their own descison. 5. 1 – Explain the different types of bullying and the effect that bullying can have on children or young people. There are many types of bullying it can be verbal , p hysical , emotional and cyber bullying.Pysical can be kicking, punching ,hitting, pulling hair . Verbal abuse can be when you threaten, name call and insult someone. Emotional abuse can happen when the person says something to make the person feel low about themselves causing them to be upset. Cyber bullying is done over the internet over social networking sites , e mails , text messages. Bullying can humiliate the child or young person which makes them lack confidence and have low self esteem they may not want to take part in activities causing them to miss out on their learning and development.Being made to feel bad about yourself can lead to self harm or suicide. Anyone can be a victim of bullying so to fulfil my job role I have to ensure that I look out for the signs of bullying. 5. 3 – Explain how to support a child or young person and / or their family when bullying is suspected or alleged . In my work setting If I suspect bullying or the child has alleged bullying I ha ve to support the child and ensure them that they are not in the wrong as the child may worry about having told someone.I have to make the child aware that I cannot keep secrets I will also have to inform the child on what steps im going to take and update them when any progress is made. I would have to record what the child says to me and pass it on to my line manager I would have to keep it confidential and the records locked away. I would have to contact the children’s parents but I would have to be very understanding that the parent may be angry that’s why I would not be able to tell the parents the bullies names or any other details as I still have the responsibility to safeguard all children .I could offer the families outside agencies help such as counselling to help the child build self esteem. 6. 1 – Explain how to support children and young peoples self confidence and self esteem . It is important to always build a Childs confidence as it will help the ir learning and development. By planning the Childs activities to their suitable needs the child will feel able and capable to do their activities. Giving the child jobs to help you may make the child feel good and helpful .My facial expressions could also help the child by smiling and giving the child eye contact and lowering down to their level will make them feel equal. Actions like high five or thumbs up show that I am positive about the child. Using positive words would make a big difference to such as well done! that’s great work! I’m proud of you! Keep it up! Stickers and badges are a good way also because the child can show off their good work or behaviour to peers, other members of staff and their parents . Reward charts are also a good way of monitoring the Childs progress or strength. . 2 – Analyse the importance of supporting resilience in children and young people. In my setting it is important to support resilience because it builds on the childs c onfidence. They will be more likely to be confident and be less likely to be a victim of bullying. 6. 3 – Explain why it is important to work with the child or young person to ensure they have stratigies to protect themselves and make decisions about safety. In my setting it is important that the child makes their own decisions and can also protect themselves and keep them safe from potential harm.They need to have the understanding and confidence to say no and if anything did happen to them they would understand that it is wrong and know to tell an adult. The child needs to understand appropriate behaviour towards members of staff and other peers. Kissing and hugging and sitting on peoples laps doesn’t need to happen. In my setting when your happy with one of your friends or you like them they put their thumbs up to each other this is a way of showing praise and friendliness without having contact. 6. – Explain ways of empowering children and young people to ma ke positive and informed choices that support their well being and safety. By giving children choices it will make them more confident as part of my job I will give them guidance in their choices. If I maintain a positive attitude and make positive decisions in front of the children they will be more inclined to also make the right decision. 7. 1 – Explain the risks and possible consequences for children and young people of being online and of using a mobile phone. Being online can put children in many danger.Children can be very trusting and vulnerable it is easy to talk to strangers and believe they could be someone else. They can be befriended by people they don’t know. This could put them in danger. They can go on social networking sites such as face book and skype and share photos or videos or even enclose personal and private details. They can also be a victim of cyber bullying. Using a mobile phone can make it easier to contact young children allowing them to be contacted by people without their parents knowing or agreeing to they can also be targeted to being robbed if being are aware they own a phone. . 2 – Describe ways of reducing the risk to children and young people. When on the internet you can reduce the risk by only having friends you know to talk to and also not sharing actual pictures or videos with people or any personal information. When having a phone only take numbers off people you know and also giving out your numbers to people you know not having your phone out in public and if you have any numbers that you do not recognise don’t answer it and tell an adult.